Title Page
Contents
ABSTRACT 10
Chapter 1. Introduction 12
Chapter 2. Literature Review 16
2.1. Transformational leadership 16
2.1.1. Bass and Avolio's Model of Transformational Leadership 18
2.1.2. Kouzes and Posner's Model of Transformational Leadership 20
2.2. Work engagement 21
2.3. Employee retention 26
2.4. Promotion focus 28
Chapter 3. Hypothesis Development 31
3.1. Transformational leadership and Employee retention 31
3.2. Transformational leadership and work engagement 32
3.3. Work engagement and employee retention 34
3.4. Work engagement as a mediator variable 36
3.5. The role of promotion focus as a moderating variable 37
3.6. The moderated mediation effect of promotion focus 39
Chapter 4. Research Methodology 41
4.1. Sample and data collection 41
4.2. Data analysis method 42
4.3. Variable measurement 43
4.3.1. Independent variable: Transformational leadership 43
4.3.2. Dependent variable: Employee retention 44
4.3.3. Mediating variable: Work engagement 45
4.3.4. Moderating variable: Promotion focus 45
4.3.5. Control variables 46
Chapter 5. Empirical Results 48
5.1. Frequency analysis 48
5.2. Reliability analysis 50
5.3. Confirmatory factor analysis 52
5.4. Correlation analysis 53
5.5. Hypothesis testing and results 55
5.5.1. Examining work engagement and employee retention as dependent variables 55
5.5.2. Examining the mediating role of work engagement 59
5.5.3. Examining the Moderating role of promotion focus 63
Chapter 6. Conclusion 69
6.1. Summary 69
6.2. Theoretical implications 70
6.3. Practical implications 72
6.4. Limitations and future research directions 74
References 77
Appendix 97
Abstract (in Korean) 103
〈Table 4-1〉 Composition of Questionnaire 47
〈Table 5-1〉 Frequency analysis 49
〈Table 5-2〉 Reliability analysis results 51
〈Table 5-3〉 Confirmatory factor analysis results 52
〈Table 5-4〉 Descriptive Statistics and Correlations 54
〈Table 5-5〉 Regression analysis result for hypothesis 1, 2 & 3 58
〈Table 5-6〉 Direct effect results 59
〈Table 5-7〉 Regression analysis result for hypothesis 4 61
〈Table 5-8〉 Mediating role of work engagement Total, direct and indirect of TL on ER 62
〈Table 5-9〉 The result of bootstrapping to verify the mediating effect of work engagement (5,000 times) 62
〈Table 5-10〉 Moderating role of promotion focus 65
〈Table 5-11〉 Promotion focus as a moderating variable 67
〈Table 5-12〉 Conditional effect of promotion focus 67
〈Table 5-13〉 Moderated mediation effect results 68
〈Figure 2-1〉 Characteristics of Transformational and Transactional Leaders by Bass, B.M. (1990) 18
〈Figure 2-2〉 A model of antecedents and consequences of employee engagement. 25
〈Figure 3-1〉 Research model 40