Title Page
ABSTRACT
국문 초록
PREFACE
Contents
NOMENCLATURE 17
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 19
1.1. Chemical warfare agents (Nerve agents) 21
1.2. Metal organic frameworks (UiO-66) 21
1.3. Fe₃O₄@PDcore 23
1.4. NH₂-DS 23
CHAPTER 2. EXPERIMENTAL SECTION 25
2.1. Instruments 25
2.2. Chemicals and Reagents 26
2.3. Synthesis of Fe₃O₄@PD@UiO-66 26
2.3.1. Synthesis of Fe₃O₄ core 26
2.3.2. Polydopamine modification to the surface of Fe₃O₄ core 27
2.3.3. UiO-66 fabrication on the surface of Fe₃O₄@PD using layer-by-layer growth strategy 27
2.4. Surface modification of Fe₃O₄@PD@UiO-66 with bases 27
2.4.1. Synthesis of Fe₃O₄@PD@UiO-66/Arg 27
2.4.2. Synthesis of Fe₃O₄@PD@UiO-66/His 28
2.4.3. Synthesis of Fe₃O₄@PD@UiO-66/Az 28
2.4.4. Synthesis of Fe₃O₄@PD@UiO-66/D4 28
2.5. Synthesis of dendrimer modified silica nanoparticle (NH₂-DS) 29
2.5.1. Synthesis of Dendrimer 29
2.5.2. Synthesis of NH₂-DS 31
CHAPTER 3. DISCUSSION 33
3.1. Characterization 33
3.2. Photothermally active catalytic hydrolysis of DMNP 38
3.3. Hydrolysis of DMNP using building blocks of core-shell catalyst. 41
3.4. Various base to regenerate Fe₃O₄@PD@UiO-66. 43
3.5. Regeneration test of Fe₃O₄@PD@UiO-66 and NH₂-DS. 49
3.6. Real agent detoxification test using Fe₃O₄@PD@UiO-66 and NH₂-DS. 53
CHAPTER 4. CONCLUSION 55
APPENDICES 57
REFERENCES 60
Table 1. BET surface area of Fe₃O₄, Fe₃O₄@PD and Fe₃O₄@PD@UiO-66. 35
Table 2. ICP-OES study of Fe₃O₄@PD@UiO-66 and UiO-66 38
Table 3. Conversion of DMNP by Fe₃O₄@PD@UiO-66 (w/ and w/o IR irradiation) and UiO-66 (w/ IR irradiation) in the presence of NH₂-DS. 39
Table 4. Conversion of DMNP by Zr-node, Fe₃O₄, Fe₃O₄@PD, and Fe₃O₄@PD@UiO-66. 42
Table 5. Comparison in conversion of NH₂-DS, NEM and no base in DMNP hydrolysis in the presence of Fe₃O₄@PD@UiO-66. 44
Table 6. Conversion of DMNP by Fe₃O₄@PD@UiO-66 (w/ NH₂-DS), Fe₃O₄@PD@UiO-66/D4, Fe₃O₄@PD@UiO-66/Arg, and Fe₃O₄@PD@UiO-66/His. 47
Table 7. Recycling study of Fe₃O₄@PD@UiO-66 for DMNP hydrolysis with freshly prepared NH₂-DS for each cycle. 50
Table 8. Regeneration study of NH₂-DS in DMNP hydrolysis with freshly prepared Fe₃O₄@PD@UiO-66 for each reaction. 52
Table 9. Conversion of GB, GD, and VX with a mixture of Fe₃O₄@PD@UiO-66 and NH₂-DS under IR LED irradiation. 54
Figure 1. Graphical abstract 20
Figure 2. Synthetic scheme of Fe₃O₄@PD@UiO-66 22
Figure 3. Synthetic scheme of NH₂-DS 24
Figure 4. Synthetic scheme of preparation of dendrimer. 31
Figure 5. SEM images of (a) Fe₃O₄, (b) Fe₃O₄@PD and (c) Fe₃O₄@PD@UiO-66. 33
Figure 6. TEMimages of (a) Fe₃O₄, (b) Fe₃O₄@PD and (c) Fe₃O₄@PD@UiO-66. 33
Figure 7. N₂ adsorption (filled makers) and desorption (empty markers) isotherms of Fe₃O₄, Fe₃O₄ @PD and Fe₃O₄@PD@UiO-66. 35
Figure 8. Thermogravimetric analysis of Fe₃O₄, Fe₃O₄@PD and Fe₃O₄@PD@UiO-66. 37
Figure 9. (a) Heating curves of distilled water, Fe₃O₄, Fe₃O₄@PD, and Fe₃O₄@PD@UiO-66 in water with and without IR-LED irradiation (b) heating curve for... 39
Figure 10. Conversion of DMNP by NH₂-DS solution, Fe₃O₄@PD@UiO-66 (w/ and w/o IR irradiation) and UiO-66 (w/ IR irradiation) in the presence of NH₂-DS. 40
Figure 11. Conversion of DMNP by Zr-node, Fe₃O₄, Fe₃O₄@PD, and Fe₃O₄@PD@UiO-66. 42
Figure 12. Comparison of NH₂-DS, NEM and no base in DMNP hydrolysis in the presence of Fe₃O₄@PD@UiO-66. 45
Figure 13. Conversion of DMNP by Fe₃O₄@PD@UiO-66 (w/ NH₂-DS), Fe₃O₄@PD@UiO-66/D4, Fe₃O₄@PD@UiO-66/Arg, and Fe₃O₄@PD@UiO-66/His. 48
Figure 14. Recycling study of Fe₃O₄@PD@UiO-66 for DMNP hydrolysis with freshly prepared NH₂-DS for each cycle. 50
Figure 15. Regeneration study of NH₂-DS in DMNP hydrolysis with freshly prepared Fe₃O₄@PD@UiO-66 for each reaction. 52
Figure 16. Conversion of GB, GD, and VX with a mixture of Fe₃O₄@PD@UiO-66 and NH₂-DS under IR LED irradiation. 54