Title Page
Curriculum Vitae
Contents
ABSTRACT 20
Chapter Ⅰ. Introduction 24
1. Nanoparticles 24
2. Applications of Carbon Nanoparticles 25
3. Synthetic Methods of Carbon dots 28
Chapter Ⅱ. Thermal Control of Oxygen-induced Emission States in Carbon Dots for Indoor Lighting Applications 30
1. Introduction 30
2. Experimental Details 35
3. Results and Discussion 37
4. Conclusion 82
Chapter Ⅲ. Thermal Control of Nitrogen-induced Emission States in Carbon Dots for Future Display Applications 83
1. Introduction 83
2. Experimental Details 85
3. Results 88
4. Discussion 100
5. Conclusion 113
Chapter Ⅳ. Conclusion 114
Summary 114
References 115
ABSTRACT IN KOREAN 124
Table Ⅱ-1. Product yields of CDs. 42
Table Ⅱ-2. D/G ratios from Raman spectra of CDs. 44
Table Ⅱ-3. XRD results of CDs after convolution of the 002 and 100/101 peaks. 45
Table Ⅱ-4. Elemental analysis data of CDs. 48
Table Ⅱ-5. FL spectra and FWHM values of (a) CD-230, (b) CD-250, (c) CD-280, and (d) CD-300. 61
Table Ⅱ-6. Fitting parameters extracted from TRPL spectroscopy data. 65
Table Ⅱ-7. Fitting parameters extracted from TA spectroscopy data. 70
Table Ⅱ-8. Summary of the photophysical properties and rates of the CDs 73
Table Ⅲ-1. Elemental analysis data of 200 6-CD. 93
Table Ⅲ-2. D/G ratios of Raman spectroscopy of All 6-CDs. 101
Table Ⅲ-3. The elemental analysis of All 6-CDs. 106
Figure Ⅱ-1. Schematic illustration for HODs from BzOH and the synthesis of CDs from CA with HODs. 34
Figure Ⅱ-2. TEM images of (a) CD-230, (b) CD-250, (c) CD-280, and (d) CD-300. The scale bars represent 10 nm. XRD patterns of (e) CD-... 39
Figure Ⅱ-3. TEM images of (a) CD-230, (b) CD-250, (c) CD-280, (d) CD-300, (e) CD-230, (f) CD-250, (g) CD-280, and (h) CD-300. 40
Figure Ⅱ-4. Histogram of CD size distribution. 41
Figure Ⅱ-5. Raman spectra of (a) CD-230, (b) CD-250, (c) CD-280, and (d) CD-300. 43
Figure Ⅱ-6. C1s XPS spectra of (a) CD-230, (b) CD-250, (c) CD-280, and (d) CD-300. O 1s XPS spectra of (e) CD-230, (f) CD-250, (g) CD-... 47
Figure Ⅱ-7. FT-IR spectra of CDs. 49
Figure Ⅱ-8. ABS (black) and FLE (colored) spectra of (a) CD-230, (b) CD-250, (c) CD-280, and (d) CD-300. FL contour maps of (e) CD-230,... 51
Figure Ⅱ-9. FL contour maps of fluorescent molecules produced by heating to BzOH at (a) 230 ℃ and (b) 300 ℃. 52
Figure Ⅱ-10. Photographs of solutions of CD-230, CD-250, CD-280, and CD-300 (from left to right) under daylight. 54
Figure Ⅱ-11. Tauc plots of (a) CD-230, (b) CD-250, (c) CD-280, and (d) CD-300. 56
Figure Ⅱ-12. Photograph of solutions of CD-230, CD-250, CD-280, and CD-300 (from left to right) under 375, 425, 490, and 555 nm excitation, respectively. 57
Figure Ⅱ-13. FL spectra and FWHM values of (a) CD-230, (b) CD-250, (c) CD-280, and (d) CD-300. 58
Figure Ⅱ-14. FL quenching spectra of (a) CD-230, (b) CD-250, (c) CD-280, and (d) CD-300 for various acetic acid concentrations. Stern-Volmer... 60
Figure Ⅱ-15. Normalized TRPL decay curve of CDs probed at emission (EM) wavelengths of (a) 430 nm, (b) 550 nm, and (c) 630 nm. TA kinetics... 63
Figure Ⅱ-16. Radiative and nonradiative recombination lifetimes of CDs at excitation wavelengths of (a) 430 nm, (b) 550 nm, and (c) 630 nm.... 64
Figure Ⅱ-17. Average FL lifetimes of CDs. 66
Figure Ⅱ-18. FLQYs of CDs at different excitation wavelengths. 67
Figure Ⅱ-19. TA map (pump-probe time delay versus probe wavelength) of (a) CD-230, (b) CD-250, (c) CD-280, and (d) CD-300. 71
Figure Ⅱ-20. Decay components (a) τ ₁, (b) τ ₂, and (c) τ ₃ and decay amplitudes (d) A₁, (e) A₂, and (f) A₃ as a function of synthesis temperature. 72
Figure Ⅱ-21. Average decay times of CDs at different probe wavelengths. 74
Figure Ⅱ-22. (a) TA kinetics of CDs excited by 550 nm (2.25 eV) pump at 630 nm probe wavelength. (b) Normalized results for CD-280 and CD-... 75
Figure Ⅱ-23. (a) Photograph of phosphor film containing CD-300 under daylight. (b) Structure, (c) photograph, and (d) FL spectrum of white LED... 77
Figure Ⅱ-24. Photographs of CD-based phosphor films under (a) daylight and (b) UV light. 78
Figure Ⅱ-25. (a) Schematic illustration of FL measurement points on phosphor films. FL spectra of phosphor films containing (b) CD-230, (c)... 79
Figure Ⅱ-26. CIE chromaticity coordinates extracted from FL data. 80
Figure Ⅱ-27. Air stability of phosphor film (CD-300). The excitation wavelength was 375 nm. 81
Figure Ⅲ-1. TEM images of 200 6-CD at the scale bars represent (a) 200 nm, and (b) 100 nm. 89
Figure Ⅲ-2. Raman spectra of 200 6-CD. 90
Figure Ⅲ-3. XRD pattern of 200 6-CD. 91
Figure Ⅲ-4. ¹H-NMR spectra of (a) 6-AQ and (b) 200 6-CD. 94
Figure Ⅲ-5. XPS spectra of 200 6-CD, showing (a) C1s, (b) N1s, and (c) O1s. 95
Figure Ⅲ-6. FT-IR spectra of 200 6-CD. 96
Figure Ⅲ-7. ABS spectra of 6-AQ (black) and 200 6-CD (colored). 98
Figure Ⅲ-8. FL contour maps of (a) 6-AQ and (b) 200 6-CD. 99
Figure Ⅲ-9. TEM of (a)100 6-CD, (b) 150 6-CD, and (c) 200 6-CD. The scale bars represent 200 nm. 102
Figure Ⅲ-10. Raman spectra of (a)100 6-CD, (b)150 6-CD, (c) 200 6-CD, and (d) 300 6-CD. 103
Figure Ⅲ-11. XRD patterns of (a) 100 6-CD, (b) 150 6-CD, (c) 200 6-CD, and (d) 300 6-CD. 104
Figure Ⅲ-12. ¹H-NMR spectra of (a) 100 6-CD, (b) 150 6-CD, (c) 200 6-CD, and (d) 300 6-CD. 107
Figure Ⅲ-13. XPS spectra of all 6-CDs, showing (a) C1s of 100 6-CD, (b) C1s of 150 6-CD, (c) C1s of 200 6-CD, (d) C1s of 300 6-CD, (e)... 108
Figure Ⅲ-14. FT-IR spectra of 6-AQ and all 6-CDs. 109
Figure Ⅲ-15. FL contour maps of (a) 100 6-CD, (b) 150 6-CD, (c) 200 6-CD, and (d) 300 6-CD. 111
Figure Ⅲ-16. ABS spectra of all temp 6-CDs. 112