Title Page
Contents
국문초록 11
ABSTRACT 15
Ⅰ. Background 18
Ⅱ. Experiment 1: Comparing Anterior Translation of the Humeral Head and External Rotator Muscle Activity during External Rotation Exercise between Patients with Rotator Cuff Repair and Healthy Subjects 20
A. Introduction 20
B. Methods 23
1. Subjects 23
2. Quantification of anterior translation humeral head force. 25
3. Surface electromyography and data processing 28
4. Experimental procedures 31
5. Statistical Analysis 33
C. Results 34
D. Discussion 39
Ⅲ. Experiment 2: Appropriate Resistance Intensity for Anterior Translation Control of The Humeral Head and Activation of The Infraspinatus muscle in Patients with Rotator Cuff Repair 44
A. Introduction 44
B. Methods 47
1. Subjects 47
2. Fixed-base isometric dynamometry 48
3. Quantification of anterior translation of the humeral head 49
4. Surface electromyography and data processing 51
5. Experimental Procedures 52
6. Statistical Analysis 55
C. Results 56
D. Discussion 62
Ⅳ. Experiment 3: Effects of Posterior Glenohumeral Mobilization on Muscle Strength and Activity of Shoulder External Rotators in Patients with Rotator Cuff Repair: A randomized controlled trial 65
A. Introduction 65
B. Methods 68
1. Study design 68
2. Subjects 68
3. Quantification of posterior glenohumeral mobilization force. 72
4. Measurement of the isometric shoulder external rotation strength 73
5. Surface electromyography and data processing 75
6. Experimental procedures. 76
7. Statistical Analysis 78
C. Results 79
D. Discussion 88
Ⅵ. Conclusions 92
REFERENCE 93
Table 1. Anthropometric characteristics 24
Table 2. Electrode placement and measurement procedures for determining the maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of each muscle 29
Table 3. Anterior translation of the humeral head, muscle activity and ratio between group. 35
Table 4. Anterior translation (kg) at 3 resistance intensity conditions during isometric external rotation exercise. 57
Table 5. Muscle activity and ratio at 3 resistance intensity conditions during isometric external rotation exercise. 58
Table 6. General characteristics of the subjects. 70
Table 7. Changes in muscle strength as a result of strategy and shoulder angle. 81
Table 8. Changes in muscle activity as a result of strategy and shoulder angle. 82
Fig. 1. 4D MT tension sensor 26
Fig. 2. Anterior translation of the humeral head during isometric external rotation. 27
Fig. 3. A Delsys Trigno Wireless Electromyography System. 30
Fig. 4. Isometric external rotation at 90° of shoulder abduction. 32
Fig. 5. Differences in anterior translation of the humeral head between the RC repair group and the control group.... 36
Fig. 6. Comparison of muscle activity (%MVIC) between the RC repair group and the control group.... 37
Fig. 7. Comparison of muscle activity ratios between the patients with RC repair group and the control group.... 38
Fig. 8. Anterior translation of the glenohumeral head during external rotation. 50
Fig. 9. Isometric external rotation exercise under the 3 resistance intensity conditions. 53
Fig. 10. Isometric external rotation at 90° of shoulder abduction 54
Fig. 11. Comparison of Anterior translation of the humeral head between 3 resistance intensities.... 59
Fig. 12. Comparison of muscles activity between 3 resistance intensities. *p〈0.05.... 60
Fig. 13. Comparison of infraspinatus to posterior deltoid activity ratio between 3 resistance intensities.... 61
Fig. 14. Flow diagram of participants 71
Fig. 15. Fixed-base isometric dynamometry 74
Fig. 16. Isometric external rotation in seated position. A: external rotation at 10° of shoulder abduction without mobilization,... 77
Fig. 17. Shoulder external rotation muscle strength *p〈0.05. 83
Fig. 18. Infraspinatus muscle activity Abbreviation: %MVIC, maximal voluntary isometric contraction... 84
Fig. 19. Posterior deltoid muscle activity Abbreviation: %MVIC, maximal voluntary isometric contraction... 85
Fig. 20. Middle trapezius muscle activity Abbreviation: %MVIC, maximal voluntary isometric contraction... 86
Fig. 21. ISP/ PD ratio Abbreviation: %MVIC, maximal voluntary isometric contraction; ISP,... 87