표제지
목차
국문요약 15
1. 서론 17
1.1. 선체부착생물 17
1.2. 선체부착 외래생물에 대한 국제적 인식 18
1.3. 선체부착생물의 문제점 19
1.4. 선체부착생물 연구 및 관리 현황 21
1.5. 선체부착생물에 대한 국내 관리 및 연구 동향 22
1.6. 선체부착 미세조류에 대한 국내 모니터링 연구 필요성 23
1.7. 연구목적 24
2. 재료 및 방법 25
2.1. 국내 기록 해양성 부착 미세조류 문헌 조사 25
2.2. 수중 선체 조사를 위한 인공섬유소재 파악 및 채집실험 25
2.3. 선체 및 인근 항만 미세조류 조사 28
2.3.1. 연구선 부착 미세조류 분석 31
2.3.2. 국제 무역선 및 국내 소형항만 조사 36
2.4. NGS 기법을 통한 국제 무역선 및 소형항만 부착생물 군집 분석 38
(1) 증폭 및 Illumina MiSeq 시퀀싱 38
(2) 생물 정보학적 분석 및 계통분석 38
2.5. 청소 부산물에 의한 세포 스트레스 생사판별 및 마이크로코즘 재성장 연구 40
(1) 생사판별법 40
(2) 재성장 배양방법 40
(3) 생물 종 동정 및 계통분석 42
3. 결과 및 고찰 43
3.1. 국내 해양성 부착 미세조류의 분포 특성 43
(1) 부착 미세조류 분포 및 연구대상 기질 및 현황 43
3.2. 수중 선체 조사를 위한 인공섬유소재의 유용성 및 채집 가능성 54
(1) 인공섬유 소재의 특성 분석 54
(2) 채집 대상 환경 특성 및 미세조류 현존량 58
(3) 식물플랑크톤과 부착 미세조류 종 조성 60
(4) 채집 소재 별 부착 미세조류 다양성 65
3.3. 선체 및 인근 항만 미세조류 특성 68
3.3.1. 연구선 부착 미세조류 68
3.3.2. 국제 무역선 및 국내 소형항만 생태계특성 88
3.4. NGS 기법을 활용한 국제 무역선 및 소형항만 부착생물 군집특성 109
(1) 다양성 분석 109
(2) 부착생물 군집 특성 113
(3) 부착 미세조류 군집특성 127
(4) 계통학적 특성 132
3.5. 청소 부산물에 의한 세포 스트레스 생사판별 및 마이크로코즘 재성장 연구 135
(1) 배양 시 환경요소 135
(2) 생사 판별(Viability) 135
(3) 재성장실험(Re-growth) 137
4. 종합 토의 및 결론 140
참고문헌 144
Abstract 168
Table 1. Sample collection location and date in this study. 32
Table 2. List of attachment microalgae taxa reported for 34 years in Korean coastal region. 44
Table 3. List of microalgae species present in the surface water column and attached substrate in boksung port. Taxon position=Class; Order; Family. 1: Surface substrate, 2: Surface water column. 63
Table 4. Species composition, total appearance species percentage of each artificial material. 67
Table 5. Checklist of microalgae species present in the surface water column and Hull (JANG MOK.NO1). Taxon position=Class; Order; Family. 69
Table 6. Checklist of microalgae species present in the surface water column and Hulls (ISABU and ONNURI). Taxon position=Class; Order; Family. 1: ISABU, 2: ONNURI. 78
Table 7. List of hull fouling diatom species appeared on three international trade ships. HS: HMM Southampton; HC: HMM... 90
Table 8. Species list of epilithic microalgae appeared in Namhae coastal area. Taxon position=Class; Order; Family. 95
Table 9. Species list of phytoplankton appeared in Namhae coastal area. Taxon position = Phylum; Class; Order; Family. 97
Table 10. Illumina Miseq results for the ASV (Amplicon sequence variant) and statistical analysis. 110
Table 11. ASVs Table that are labeled based on NCBI nt database. The taxonomy was checked by means of blasting on the NCBI database. 1:Angol; 2: HMM Cop.(HMM Copenhagen). 114
Figure 1. Sampling map of the microalgae in this research period. (A) Map of Korea to view the sampling area at once. (B) Sampling site of... 27
Figure 2. A schematic diagram for analyzing hull-attached microalgae. The red dotted line boxes indicate the hull collection method at the... 29
Figure 3. Photo of microcosm research to understand the impact on the domestic ecosystem due to hull cleaning. (A) Microcosm culture... 41
Figure 4. Distribution of adherent microalgae in Korea by academic papers and Ven diagrams for adherent microalgae taxa. Distribution... 52
Figure 5. Pore and fiber size of each material for fouling microalgae sampling. (A) Tissue images were observed with a stereoscopic... 55
Figure 6. Results of collection experiments using three artificial fiber materials. (A) Cell count for each material, (B) Phytoplankton cell... 59
Figure 7. Micrograph of attached microalgae that appeared in Bukseong Port. (A) Gyrosigma acuminatum, (B) Gyrosigma sp., (C)... 62
Figure 8. Light micrographs and FE-SEM of attachment diatoms were found on the ship side of Jangmok No. 1. (A) Achnanthes brevipes,... 72
Figure 9. Abundance and hull fouling microalgae in two vessels. (A) The abundance of hull fouling microalgae, (B) phytoplankton... 76
Figure 10. Principal component analysis (PCA) of two research vessels. the PCA biplot indicates the relative dominant species in each vessel. 81
Figure 11. FE-SEM micrographs of hull attachment microalgae collected from hull scrapings of Research vessels. (A-C) Halamphora... 83
Figure 12. Size comparison between H. oceanica and Halampora sp. Light micrographs were taken with ×1000. (B)-(C) Average cell size... 84
Figure 13. 18S rDNA phylogenetic tree using the 18S cloning sequence inferred from the Maximum-Likelihood (ML) algorithm. The... 87
Figure 14. FE-SEM micrographs of hull attachment microalgae collected from three international trade ships. (A-C) Genera of... 89
Figure 15. Cell numbers, species number, taxonomic composition, species distribution of the adhesive microalgae, and the phytoplankton... 93
Figure 16. Cluster analysis and Ecological index of attached microalgae and phytoplankton. (A) Dendrogram cluster plot. The branch number... 101
Figure 17. Principal component analysis (PCA) of domestic small port substrates. the PCA biplot indicates the relative dominant species in... 103
Figure 18. Principal component analysis (PCA) of domestic small port surface water. the PCA biplot indicates the relative dominant species... 105
Figure 19. Comparison of microalgae on the coast of the Namhae coastal area and the hull fouling microalgae. There are no common... 107
Figure 20. Result of alpha and beta diversity analysis. (A) Rarefaction curves for Amplicon Sequence Variant (ASV) of 18S rDNA sequence... 112
Figure 21. 18S Community structures in 2 samples each taxonomic composition at Phylum level. 126
Figure 22. Diatom community structures in samples with 2 environmental at each taxonomic level. (A) Class, (B) Order, (C)... 129
Figure 23. Diatom species composition pie graph. (A) Angol (B) HMM Cop. 131
Figure 24. 18S rDNA phylogenetic tree using the ASV sequences from the Maximum-likelihood (ML) algorithm. The percentage of replicate... 133
Figure 25. Determination of life and death of attached microalgae to observe ecological effects of in-water cleaning technic for hull... 136
Figure 26. The results of the regrowth culture experiment of hull-fouling microalgae (A) are the re-growth graph of hull cleaning... 139