Title Page
ABSTRACT
Contents
ABBREVIATIONS 13
1. INTRODUCTION 14
1.1. Background 14
1.2. Problem Statement 16
1.3. Research Objectives 18
1.4. Research Questions 19
1.5. Scope 19
1.6. Significance of the Research 20
1.7. Organization of the Thesis 21
2. LITERATURE REVIEW 22
2.1. General 22
2.2. Construction Delay and Cost Overrun 22
2.3. Causes of Construction Delay and Cost Overruns 24
2.3.1. Construction Delay and Economic Risks 26
2.3.2. Causes of Construction Delay and Cost Overrun in Ethiopia 27
2.3.3. Construction Delay and Cost Overrun Due to Equipment Inefficient Utilization 29
2.4. Construction Equipment 31
2.5. Equipment Planning and Management 32
2.6. Principles of Equipment Planning and Management 34
2.6.1. Equipment Planning 35
2.6.2. Equipment Selection 36
2.6.3. Equipment Acquisition 38
2.6.4. Equipment Mobilization 39
2.6.5. Equipment Operation 40
2.6.6. Equipment Maintenance 40
2.6.7. Equipment Disposal 41
2.7. Construction Equipment Efficiency & Productivity 42
2.7.1. Equipment Productivity 43
2.7.2. Equipment Efficiency 44
2.7.3. Overall Equipment Effectiveness 45
2.8. Causes for Construction Equipment Inefficient Utilization 48
2.9. Equipment Efficient Utilization Determinant Factors 50
2.10. Heavy-duty Equipment Intensive Road Construction Activities and Productivity 51
2.10.1. Dozer Production Rate 52
2.10.2. Excavator Production Rate 53
2.10.3. Motor Grader Production Rate 54
2.11. Equipment Inefficient Utilization in Road Construction Projects in Ethiopia 55
2.12. Research Gap 57
3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 59
3.1. General Description of the Approach 59
3.2. Research Method Design 60
3.3. Source of Data 61
3.4. Questionnaire Design and Content 62
3.5. Targeting Population and Sample Size 64
3.6. Method of Questionnaire Distribution and Data Collection 66
3.7. Data Analysis Technic 67
3.7.1. Relative Importance Index (RII) and Mean Score 68
3.7.2. ANOVA Test 69
3.8. Validity and Reliability 70
4. ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION 72
4.1. Introduction 72
4.2. Demographic Description of Responders 72
4.3. Data Analysis 75
4.4. Impacts of Equipment Inefficient Utilization in Road Construction Projects 77
4.4.1. Impact on Construction Delay and Cost Overrun 77
4.4.2. Impact on Construction Cost Estimation Work Bill Item Unit Price Breakdown 79
4.5. Equipment Inefficient Utilization and Inadequate Equipment Productivity Factors 84
4.5.1. Equipment Inefficient Utilization Factors Surveyed from Responders 84
4.5.2. Inadequate Equipment Productivity Factors Cited by Responders 87
4.6. Statistical Analysis for Finding the Causes of Inefficient Equipment Utilization 89
4.6.1. Equipment Planning and Management Related Factors 89
4.6.2. Equipment Low Productivity Related Factors 92
5. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 99
5.1. Findings Addressing the Research Question 99
Ⅰ. Equipment Inefficient Utilization Challenges in Federal Road Construction in Ethiopia 99
Ⅱ. Delays and Cost Overrun Caused by Equipment Inefficient Utilization in Ethiopian Federal Road Construction 100
Ⅲ. Causes of Equipment Inefficient Utilization in Ethiopian Federal Road Construction 100
Ⅳ. Perception of Contracting Parties on the Impacts and Causal Factors of Equipment Inefficient Utilization in Ethiopian Federal Road Construction 101
5.2. Survey Finding on the Causes for Inefficient Utilization of Equipment 102
5.2.1. Ranking Equipment Planning and Management-Related Factors 102
5.2.2. Ranking of Equipment Productivity Reducing Factors 104
5.3. Proposed Solutions for Addressing Equipment Inefficient Utilization as Recommended by Responders 107
6. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 112
6.1. Summary of the Finding 112
6.2. Conclusion 114
6.3. Recommendations 117
6.4. Delimitation of the Study and Suggestion for Future Study 119
REFERENCES 121
APPENDICES 126
초록 137
Table 2-1. Activity Level Factors Influence Construction Equipment Productivity 50
Table 2-2. Sample Equipment Inefficient Utilization Rates for Demonstrating the Challenges in Ethiopian Federal Road Projects. 56
Table 3-1. Consideration for Total Population and Sample Population Estimation 65
Table 4-1. Profession Information of Responders 73
Table 4-2. Work Experience and Education Level Information of Responders 74
Table 4-3. Impact of Equipment Inefficient Utilization on Road Construction Delay and Cost Overrun 77
Table 4-4. ANOVA Analysis Summary for Responders' Contracting Parties Based Perception on Equipment Inefficient Utilization Impacts. 78
Table 4-5. ANOVA Analysis Summary for Responders' Education Levels-Based Perception on Equipment Inefficient Utilization Impacts. 79
Table 4-6. Equipment Productivity Calculation Appropriateness 80
Table 4-7. ANOVA Test Summary for Responders' Contracting Party-Based Perception of Equipment Productivity Calculation. 81
Table 4-8. ANOVA Test Summary for Responders' Education Levels-Based Perception of Equipment Productivity Calculation Quality. 81
Table 4-9. Equipment Productivity Calculation Impact on Construction Cost Estimate 82
Table 4-10. ANOVA Summary for Responders' Contracting Party-Based Perception of Equipment Productivity Impact on Construction Costs Estimate. 84
Table 4-11. ANOVA Summary for Responders' Education Levels-Based Perception of Equipment Productivity Impact on Construction Costs Estimate. 84
Table 4-12. Mean Score and ANOVA Outcome for Ranking Equipment Inefficient Utilization Factors in Relation to Equipment Planning and Management, Grouped by... 90
Table 4-13. Mean Score and ANOVA Outcome for Ranking Equipment Inefficient Utilization Factors in Relation to Equipment Planning and Management, Grouped by... 91
Table 4-14. Mean Score and ANOVA Outcome for Ranking Equipment Inefficient Utilization Factors Resulting from Crew-Level Equipment Productivity Reduction, Grouped... 93
Table 4-15. Mean Score and ANOVA Outcome for Ranking Equipment Inefficient Utilization Factors Resulting from Crew-Level Equipment Productivity Reduction, grouped... 94
Table 4-16. Mean Score and ANOVA Outcome for Ranking Equipment Inefficient Utilization Factors Resulting from Activity-Level Equipment Productivity Reduction,... 96
Table 4-17. Mean Score and ANOVA Outcome for Ranking Equipment Inefficient Utilization Factors Resulting from Activity-Level Equipment Productivity Reduction,... 97
Table 5-1. Mean and RII Values for Ranking Equipment Planning and Management Related Factors for Equipment Inefficient Utilization. 102
Table 5-2. Mean and RII Values for Ranking Crew Level Equipment Productivity Reducing Related Factors for Equipment Inefficient Utilization. 104
Table 5-3. Mean and RII Values for Ranking Activity Level Equipment Productivity Reducing Related Factors for Equipment Inefficient Utilization. 106
Figure 1-1. Research Structural Farmwork 21
Figure 2-1. Research Concept Map 59
Figure 3-1. Research Methodology Path 61
Figure 4-1. Graph for Responder Professional Composition 73
Figure 4-2. Graph for Responders' Work Experience 75
Figure 4-3. Delay and Cost Overrun in Federal Road Construction in Ethiopia 78
Figure 4-4. Graph for Showing the Equipment Productivity Calculation Appropriateness 80
Figure 4-5. Graph for Showing Equipment Productivity Calculation Impact Level on Construction Cost Estimation 83