Title Page
ABSTRACT
Contents
1. INTRODUCTION 11
1.1. Geographical Background 11
1.2. Research Background 13
1.3. Research Objectives 17
1.4. Scope of Study 20
1.5. Significance of the Research 20
2. LITERATURE REVIEW 22
2.1. Nature Base Solutions for Urban Flood Mitigation 22
2.2. Type of NBS for Building Scale 28
2.2.1. Green Roof 28
2.2.2. Rain Harvesting 35
2.2.3. Permeable Pavement 37
2.2.4. Soakaway 41
2.3. Pluvial Flooding and Urban Vulnerability 43
2.4. In-depth Practical Case 45
2.4.1. European In-depth Case 45
2.4.2. Sponge City in China 46
2.4.3. Green Roof for Community Housing 49
2.5. Nature Based Framework 51
2.5.1. Policy of Nature-Based Solution 51
2.5.2. Framework for Strategic Planning of NBS Assessments 53
2.5.3. Connecting Nature Framework 54
2.6. Research gap 55
3. RESEARCH METHODOLOG 56
3.1. Research Method 56
3.2. Sampling Technique 57
3.3. Survey Design 59
3.4. Analysis Method 60
4. DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 61
4.1. Survey Result 61
4.1.1. Socio- Demographic 61
4.1.2. Flood Risk Perception 67
4.1.3. Previous knowledge of Nature Base Solution 68
4.1.4. Perceived Efficacy NBS 69
4.1.5. Willingness to Adopt Nature Base Solution 70
4.1.6. Incentives to Implement Nature Base Solution 71
4.2. Regression by Influence Factor 72
4.2.1. Willing to adopt NBS by Influence Factor 74
4.2.2. Perceived Efficacy NBS by Influence Factors 76
5. CONCLUSION 80
5.1. Key Finding 80
5.2. Discussion and Recommendation 81
5.3. Conclusion 83
BIBLIOGRAPHY 84
초록 89
Table 1. Definition of Nature Based Solutions 22
Table 2. Review on the Attributes into diversity for an urban green infrastructure in southeast Asian countries 25
Table 3. An overview of the effectiveness of NBS in term of runoff reduction and peak flow reduction as a function of precipitation intensity 28
Table 4. Incentive Program in the USA 33
Table 5. Description of NBS building scale 40
Table 6. The Framework of National Building Standard Design System for Sponge City Construction 48
Table 7. Case Study Projects 48
Table 8. Key international and EU policies with a strong explicit reference to NBS 51
Table 9. Respondent by District 62
Table 10. Analysis result for factor influence willing to adopt NBS 74
Table 11. Respondent of Perceived Effectiveness and Willing to Install NBS 75
Table 12. Respondent of Previous Knowledge NBS, Flood Risk Perceptions and Perceived Efficacy NBS 77
Table 13. Analysis Result of factors influence Perceived efficacy NBS. 77
Figure 1. Cambodia Administrative Map 12
Figure 2. Pluvial Flood in Phnom Penh at 03 July 2023 15
Figure 3. Analysis Plan 19
Figure 4. Hydrological Process with NBS Intermediation 27
Figure 5. Green Roofs Model. 30
Figure 6. Location and name of in-depth Cases 46
Figure 7. Green Roof of student housing complex at the University of Miami 49
Figure 8. Concept Masterplan of the Green Roof Design 50
Figure 9. Connecting Nature Framework 54
Figure 10. Phnom Penh Administrative Map 58
Figure 11. Respondent Distribution by District 63
Figure 12. Gender Engagement 64
Figure 13. Occupation Types 64
Figure 14. Respondents by Group Age 65
Figure 15. Respondent's Education Level 65
Figure 16. Respondent's Property Type 66
Figure 17. Period of Living in Phnom Penh 66
Figure 18. Respondent's Flood Experiences 67
Figure 19. Flood Risk Perception 68
Figure 20. Previous NBS Awareness 69
Figure 21. Perception of the Effectiveness of NBS 70
Figure 22. Willingness to Install NBS 71
Figure 23. Incentive Program 72
Figure 24. Regression Analysis Approach 73
Figure 25. How perceived efficacy correlated to Willing Install Green Roof 75
Figure 26. How perceived efficacy correlated to Willing Install Rain Harvesting 75
Figure 27. How Previous Knowledge Correlated Perceived efficacy of Soakaway 78
Figure 28. How flood risk impact Correlated Perceived efficacy of Green Roof 78
Figure 29. How flood risk concern Correlated Perceived efficacy of Green Roof 79
Figure 30. How flood risk concern Correlated Perceived efficacy of Rain Harvesting 79