Title Page
ABSTRACT
Contents
1. Introduction 11
1.1. Purpose of study 14
1.2. Limitations of the research scope 15
2. Literature review 17
2.1. Human interaction with rivers in urban spaces 17
2.2. Human behavior in built environments 19
2.3. Cheonggyecheon's river studies 21
3. Theoretical framework 23
3.1. Urban rivers 23
3.1.1. Temporary flow fluctuations 24
3.1.2. Morpho-dynamic processes 25
3.2. Riverfront design 27
3.3. Affordance Theory 33
4. Methodology and data 35
4.1. Introduction 35
4.2. Case of study 37
4.2.1. Cheonggyecheon's riverbank design 42
4.3. Criteria 55
4.3.1. Walking along the river affordance's criteria 58
4.3.2. Nature interaction affordance's criteria 63
4.3.3. Resting affordance's criteria 68
4.4. Quantitative analysis 72
4.5. Descriptive statistics 74
4.6. Observation procedures 78
5. Results 80
5.1. Walking along river regression analysis 80
5.2. Nature interaction regression analysis 82
5.3. Resting regression analysis 84
6. Discussion 87
7. Conclusions and policy implications 90
References 93
APPENDIX. AUDIT TABLE 99
국문초록 101
Table 1. Classification of riverfront design based on their fluvial morpho-dynamic. 32
Table 2. Categories of affordances based on corresponding behavior. 34
Table 3. Hot spots and tourist places around the economic section near Cheonggyecheon stream. In addition, attractive areas of the city such as Myeongdong, Jonggak and Insadong... 40
Table 4. Historical relics of along the study section in Cheonggyecheon stream 41
Table 5. Description of the first 8 segments according with the 5 parameters of design. 44
Table 6. Description of the segments number 9 to 14 according with the 5 parameters of design. 47
Table 7. Description of the segments number 15 to 20 according with the 5 parameters of design. 49
Table 8. Description of the segments number 21 to 26 according with the 5 parameters of design. 51
Table 9. Description of the segments number 27 to 30 according with the 5 parameters of design. 53
Table 10. Indicators and their evaluation criteria for each affordance 56
Table 11. Binary relationship of sidewalk surface. 59
Table 12. Classification of garbage accumulation 60
Table 13. Path Maintenance classification. 61
Table 14. Entrance opening to riverfront classification 62
Table 15. Classification of the sense of freedom according to signage 64
Table 16. Lighting classification by position and uniformity. 65
Table 17. Cultural amenities presence classification 67
Table 18. Type of public transportation service in the sides or within riverfront. 68
Table 19. Barriers located in the riverbank's classification 69
Table 20. Descriptive statistics for physical affordances 74
Table 21. Frequency of observed activities during lunch time 77
Table 22. Frequency of observed activities during leaving work time 77
Table 23. Walking along river multiple regression analysis results 80
Table 24. Nature interaction multiple regression analysis results 82
Table 25. Resting activities multiple regression analysis results 84
Figure 1. Sedimentation (white arrows) and erosion (black arrows) indicates the morpho-dynamic processes. Vertical water level and horizontal spread (blue arrows) indicates the... 25
Figure 2. Riparian zone of river corridor 27
Figure 3. Water accessibility according to the continuity of the barriers by. 29
Figure 4. Map of research methodology. 36
Figure 5. In the left, the Cheonggye-ro road covering Cheonggyecheon stream. In the right, the stream after the revitalization project 37
Figure 6. Economic zones along Cheonggyecheon river (Ryu & Kwon, 2016, p.5). The study zone correspond to areas A,B,C,D,E1 and F. 38
Figure 7. The 13.7km recovered of Cheonggyecheon stream. The design of the project was divided into 3 sections from left to right: historical, cultural, and ecological. 39
Figure 8. On the left, D-type river design proposed by (Prominski et al.,2017, p.39). On the right side, D-type design on Cheonggyecheon river. 42
Figure 9. Cheonggyechon's first 8 segments according to the 5 parameters of classification. 46
Figure 10. Cheonggyechon's 9-14 segments according to the 5 parameters of classification. 48
Figure 11. Cheonggyechon's 15-20 segments according to the 5 parameters of classification. 50
Figure 12. Cheonggyechon's 21-26 segments according to the 5 parameters of classification. 52
Figure 13. Cheonggyechon's 26-30 segments according to the 5 parameters of classification. 54
Figure 14. Visual Access from exterior sidewalk to riverfront. 62
Figure 15. Human scale classification according to (Jabbari, 2018, p.56) 65
Figure 16. Mean of activities observed per square meter in each segment. WR=walking along the river, NI=nature interaction, RE=resting. 76
Figure 17. Graph showing the gender of Cheonggyecheon visitors recorded during the study during peak hours (lunchtime and work departure) for one month. 76