Title Page
Abstract
Contents
Ⅰ. Background 12
Ⅱ. Acoustic Performance of Flexible Polyurethane Composite Foams Filled with Melamine Particles 14
1. Introduction 14
2. Experimental 16
2.1. Materials 16
2.2. Materials Synthesis 18
2.3. Sample characterizations 20
3. Results and discussion 22
3.1. Morphology 22
3.2. Sound absorption properties 33
4. Conclusion 38
Ⅲ. Physical properties of PU foams including starfish particles treated with silane coupling agents 39
1. Introduction 39
2. Experimental 42
2.1. Materials 42
2.2. Chemical treatments for starfish particles 45
2.3. Synthesis 47
2.4. Sample characterization 49
3. Results and discussion 52
3.1. Chemical treatments 52
3.2. Morphology 58
3.3. Sound absorption property 66
3.4. Comfort property 71
3.5. Dynamic mechanical analysis 74
4. Conclusion 77
Ⅳ. References 78
초록 83
Table 1. Formulation details for manufacturing the PU composite foams including melamine particles without and with dispersant. 19
Table 2. Formulation details for fabrications of flexible polyurethane foams including raw and chemically treated starfish particles. 48
Table 3. FTIR peak position for starfish particles and silane coupling agents. 55
Fig. 1. Typical SEM images of the PU foam showing cavities and pore types (open, partially open, close). 13
Fig. 2. Initial NCO conversion of the PU composite foams including melamine particles without and with dispersant. 24
Fig. 3. (a) Typical SEM images of the PU composite foams including melamine particles without and with dispersant and their average... 27
Fig. 4. (a) Ratios of open, partially open, and closed pores of the PU composite foams including melamine particles without and with... 30
Fig. 5. Typical SEM images of the PU composite foams including 5 wt% melamine particles without (a) and with (b) dispersant. Melamine... 32
Fig. 6. (a) Sound absorption coefficient from the PU composite foams manufactured without dispersant, acoustic activity (b) and noise... 35
Fig. 7. Sound absorption coefficient of the PU composite foams including melamine particles without and with dispersant for the low frequency region. 37
Fig. 8. The chemical structures of silane coupling agents (APTES, GPTMS and MPTMS). 44
Fig. 9. Schematic of surface treatment of the starfish particles with silane coupling agents. 46
Fig. 10. FTIR spectra of RSP, ASP, GSP, and MSP for the wave numbers of (a) 3750 to 2500cm⁻¹, and (b) 1800 to 950cm⁻¹ 54
Fig. 11. Typical SEM images of (a) raw starfish particles (b) APTES treated starfish particles (c) GPTMS treated starfish particles and (d) MPTMS treated... 57
Fig. 12. (a) Average cavity and (b) pore size of the PU composite foams including raw and chemically treated starfish particles. 60
Fig. 13. Open porosity of the PU composite foams including raw and chemically treated starfish particles. 63
Fig. 14. Typical SEM images of the PU composite foams including (a) chemically treated starfish particles (b) and (c) raw starfish particles. 65
Fig. 15. Sound absorption coefficient of PU composite foams including (a) raw and (b) chemically treated starfish particles. 68
Fig. 16. (a) Acoustic activity and (b) noise reduction coefficient of the PU composite foams including raw and chemically treated starfish particles. 70
Fig. 17. (a) Hysteresis loss and (b) sag factor of the PU composite foams including raw and chemically treated starfish particles. 73
Fig. 18. (a) Storage modulus and (b) loss modulus of the PU composite foams including raw and chemically treated starfish particles. 76