Title Page
Abstract
Contents
1. Introduction 14
2. Effective Gelation Strategy: Metal-Ligand Coordination 18
2.1. Experimental 18
2.1.1. Materials 18
2.1.2. Polymerization of the PBA-stat-PAAEM copolymer 18
2.1.3. Fabrication of the chemically and physically crosslinked ionogels 19
2.1.4. Fabrication and characterization of ACEDs 19
2.1.5. Fabrication of complex-shaped ionogels via screen printing 20
2.1.6. Characterization 21
2.2. Results and Discussion 24
3. Difference by Coordination Number 42
3.1. Experimental 42
3.1.1. Materials 42
3.1.2. Polymerization of PBA-stat-PAAEM copolymer 42
3.1.3. Fabrication of the physically and chemically crosslinked ionogels 43
3.1.4. Characterization 43
3.2. Results and Discussion 46
4. Conclusions 53
5. References 54
국문초록 58
Figure 1.1. (a) ¹H-NMR spectrum and (b) SEC trace of the PBA-stat-PAAEM copolymer. 23
Figure 1.2. FE-SEM images of the dual-crosslinked ionogel including 30 mol% Ni2+ ions: (a) cross-section and (b) top view. Both images exhibit a featureless... 24
Figure 1.3. Synthetic route for the PBA-stat-PAAEM copolymer. 24
Figure 1.4. (a) Synthetic route and detailed structure of the metal-ligand coordination in the ionogel. (b) Schematic illustration of the fabrication process... 25
Figure 1.5. DSC thermograms of the Ni²⁺-containing PBA-stat-PAAEM copolymer (red) and pristine PBA-stat-PAAEM copolymer (black) during the... 27
Figure 1.6. Photographs of the ionogels containing 30 (left) and 40 mol% (right) Ni²⁺ ions relative to the AAEM groups. Both ionogels were composed of 20 wt%... 27
Figure 1.7. (a) Frequency dependence of the storage (G') and loss moduli (G") of the 0 and 30 mol% Ni²⁺-containing ionic conductors at 25 ℃. (b) Tensile stress... 28
Figure 1.8. FT-IR spectra of 0 mol% Ni²⁺-containing viscoelastic solution and 30 mol% Ni²⁺-containing ionogel. 30
Figure 1.9. Bode plot of the 0 mol% Ni²⁺-containing viscoelastic solution composed of 20 wt% PBA-stat-PAAEM and 80 wt% [BMI][TFSI], from which... 30
Figure 1.10. Complex viscosity as a function of angular frequency for the viscoelastic solution containing 0 mol% Ni²⁺ and ionogel with 30 mol% Ni²⁺.... 32
Figure 1.11. (a) Tensile stress-strain curves and (b) Bode plots of ionogels at three different ionogel compositions. (c) Plots of elastic modulus and ionic... 33
Figure 1.12. (a) Stress-strain curves as a function of the stretching/releasing cycle for the ionogel containing 30 mol% of Ni²⁺. (b) Changes in toughness and residual... 35
Figure 1.13. Schematic illustration of (a) the device structure and (b) the equivalent circuit of the ACED. (c) Changes in emission spectra at various... 36
Figure 1.14. Difference in the capacitance of the EL layer and ionogel ionic electrode at various frequencies. 37
Figure 1.15. Correlation between the emission spectra and applied frequency. The λₘₐₓ shifted from ~502 to ~487 nm as the frequency increased (from 5 to 55 kHz). 38
Figure 1.16. (a) Schematic of the screen-printing fabrication process for the patterned ionogels. Time-dependent shape change of the patterns and their... 40
Figure 2.1. (a) SEC chromatogram (b) ¹H-NMR spectrum of the PBA-stat-PAAEM copolymer. 45
Figure 2.2. Synthetic route for PBA-stat-PAAEM copolymer using RAFT polymerization. 46
Figure 2.3. Schematic illustration of the ionogels and structures of the metal-ligand crosslinking with various metal ions. 46
Figure 2.4. FTIR spectra of the pristine copolymer and the metal-crosslinked polymers. 48
Figure 2.5. Photographs of the ionogels with (a) 100 mol% Ag⁺ ion, (b) 30 (top) and 40 (bottom) mol% Zn²⁺ ion, and (c) 20 (top) and 30 (bottom) mol% Co³⁺ ion... 49
Figure 2.6. Storage (G') and loss (G") moduli as a function of angular frequency of the ionogels with (a) no metal ion, (b) Ag⁺ ion, (c) Zn²⁺ ion, and (d) Co³⁺ ion. 50
Figure 2.7. Bode plot of the pristine ionogel and the ionogels with various metal ions. 51
Figure 2.8. Storage (G') and loss (G") moduli as a function of temperature of the ionogels with Co³⁺ ion. 52