Title Page
ABSTRACT
Contents
INTRODUCTION 13
LITERATURE REVIEW 15
1. Endemic plants 15
2. Hosta 17
3. Photosynthesis 21
4. Chlorophyll fluorescence 24
MATERIALS AND METHODS 29
1. The 1st experiment of low light treatment (L10-L50)[이미지참조] 29
1.1. Plant materials 29
1.2. Methods 30
2. The 2nd experiment of low light treatment (L5-20)[이미지참조] 34
2.1. Plant materials 34
2.2. Methods 34
RESULTS 38
1. The 1st experiment of low light treatment (L10-L50)[이미지참조] 38
1.1. Plant growth response 38
1.2. Chlorophyll contents 42
1.3. Photosynthesis 42
1.4. Chlorophyll fluorescence 45
2. The 2nd experiment of low light treatment (L5-L20)[이미지참조] 48
2.1. Plant growth response 48
2.2. Chlorophyll contents 52
2.3. Photosynthesis 52
2.4. Chlorophyll fluorescence 56
2.5. Stomata characteristics 56
DISCUSSION 63
LITERATURE CITED 68
SUMMARY IN KOREAN 79
Table 1. Characteristics of 4 Korean endemic Hosta species 19
Table 2. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters 26
Table 3. Plant growth responses of two Korean endemic Hosta species grown under different light conditions (L10, L30, and L50) for 12 weeks. 39
Table 4. Chlorophyll contents of two Korean endemic Hosta species grown under three different light conditions (L10, L30, and L50) for 12 weeks. 43
Table 5. Chlorophyll fluorescence in dark-adapted phase and NPQ of two Korean endemic Hosta species grown under different light conditions (L10, L30, and L50) for 12 weeks. 46
Table 6. Plant growth responses of two Hosta species under different light conditions (L5, L10, and L20) for 12 weeks. 49
Table 7. Chlorophyll contents of two Hosta species under low light conditions (L5, L10, and L20) for 12 weeks. 53
Table 8. Chlorophyll fluorescence values in a dark-adapted phase of two Hosta species grown under different light conditions(L5, L10, and L50). 57
Table 9. Chlorophyll fluorescence values in a light-adapted phase of two Hosta species grown under different light conditions(L5, L10, and L50). 58
Table 10. Stomata characteristics of two Hosta species under low light treatment for 12 weeks. 61
Fig. 1. Distribution of natural habitat of Hosta minor and H. yingeri native to Korea. A light red circle indicates the habitat of H. minor; a Light blue... 20
Fig. 2. A photosystem contains an antenna and a reaction center. Antenna chlorophyll molecules absorb incoming photons and transfer the... 22
Fig. 3. Light spectrum in three low light treatments 30
Fig. 4. Plant growth responses of two Korean endemic Hosta species grown under different light conditions (L10, L30, and L50) for 12 weeks... 40
Fig. 5. Change in the leaf number of two Korean endemic Hosta species grown under three different light conditions (L10, L30, and L50) for 12 weeks. A: H. minor and B: H. yingeri. L10, L30, L50: PPFD 10, 30, 50 μmol·m¯²·s¯¹ respectively. *, **, and ***indicate significant at p 〈... 41
Fig. 6. Change in relative net photosynthesis of two Korean endemic Hosta species grown under different light conditions(L10, L30, and L50) for 12 weeks compared to an initial value (100%). Initial values were set 100 % comparatively. A: H.... 44
Fig. 7. Change in OJIP curve of two Korean endemic Hosta species grown under different light conditions (L10, L30, and L50) for 12 weeks. Initial: just before light treatment; A: H. minor; B: H. yingeri; L10: 10 μmol·m¯²·s¯¹; L30: 30 μmol·m¯²·s¯¹; L50: 50 μmol·m¯²·s¯¹.... 47
Fig. 8. Change in the leaf number of two Korean endemic Hosta species grown under different light conditions (L5, L10, and L20) for 12 weeks. A: H. minor; B: H. yingeri. Vertical bars mean standard deviation (n=10). ** and *** significant at p 〈0.01 and 0.001, respectively, by... 50
Fig. 9. Integrated leaf number results of first and second experiments depending on the light intensity in H. minor and H. yingeri grown under low light conditions (L5 to L50) 51
Fig. 10. Photosynthetic rate in two Hosta species. A: H. minor; B: H. yingeri; L5: 5 μmol·m¯²·s¯¹; L10: μmol·m¯²·s¯¹; and L20:20 μmol·m¯²·s¯¹. Measured light condition: 800 μmol·m¯²·s¯¹. Vertical bars mean standard deviation (n=6). 54
Fig. 11. Light reaction curve of two Korean endemic Hosta species grown under different light conditions (L5, L10, and L20) for 12. A: H. minor; B: H. yingeri; L5: 5 μmol·m¯²·s¯¹; L10: μmol·m¯²·s¯¹; and L20: 20 μmol·m¯²·s¯¹. Vertical bars mean standard... 55
Fig. 12. Chlorophyll fluorescence image of Hosta minor grown under different light conditions (L5, L10, and L20) for 12 weeks. L5: 5 μmol·m¯²·s¯¹; L10: 10 μmol·m¯²·s¯¹; L20: 20 μmol·m¯²·s¯¹ 59
Fig. 13. Chlorophyll fluorescence image of Hosta yingeri grown under different light conditions (L5, L10, and L20) for 12 weeks. L5: 5 μmol·m¯²·s¯¹; L10: 10 μmol·m¯²·s¯¹; L20: 20 μmol·m¯²·s¯¹ 60
Fig. 14. FE-SEM measured the epidermis apparatus of two Korean endemic Hosta species grown under different light conditions(L5, L10, and L20) for 12 weeks. A, B, C, and D showed stomata density (x100), and E, F, G, and H were captured stomata... 62