표제지
요약
목차
제1장 서론 16
제1절 연구배경 16
제2절 연구필요성 및 목적 18
제2장 이론적 배경 20
제1절 하수슬러지 20
제2절 열화학적 전환기술 23
2.1. 열분해(Pyrolysis) 24
2.2. 소각(Combustion) 24
2.3. 가스화(Gasification) 25
2.4. 가스화공정 26
2.4.1. 고정층 가스화 공정 26
2.4.2. 유동층 가스화 공정 28
2.4.3. 분류층 가스화 공정 29
2.4.4. 플라즈마 가스화 공정 30
2.5. 가스화 연구사례 31
제3절 가스화 반응 35
제4절 Tar 38
4.1. Tar 분류 38
4.2. Tar 사용 범위 44
4.3. Tar 측정 방법 45
4.4. Tar 제거 방법 47
제5절 가스화 운전 변수 50
5.1. Equivalence Ratio(ER) 50
5.2. Steam/Sewage sludge ratio(S/SS) 50
5.3. Retention Time(RT) 51
5.4. Temperature 51
제3장 실험장치 및 실험방법 53
제1절 가스화 장치 53
제2절 실험방법 55
3.2.1. 가스화 55
3.2.2. 시료 및 생성물 분석 56
3.2.3. 첨가제 56
3.2.4. 공기투입량 57
제3절 기초분석 58
3.3.1. 시료 58
3.3.2. 공업분석 및 원소분석 59
3.3.3. BET 60
3.3.4. 가스분석 61
3.3.5. Tar 분석 62
제4장 실험결과 및 고찰 64
제1절 Activated carbon 64
4.1.1. 실험조건 64
4.1.2. 실험 결과 67
제2절 Bio char 78
4.2.1. 실험조건 78
4.2.2. 실험결과 80
제3절 Lignin char 86
4.3.1. 실험조건 86
4.3.2. 실험결과 87
제4절 혼합층(Mixed carbon bed) 92
4.4.1. 실험조건 92
4.4.2. 실험결과 94
제5장 결론 101
참고문헌 104
Abstract 117
Table. 2.1. Chemical components in Biomass Tars 39
Table. 2.2. Classification of tar(1) 42
Table. 2.3. Classification of tar(2) 43
Table. 2.4. Application Limit of tar 45
Table. 3.1. Proximate and ultimate analysis of Sewage sludge 59
Table. 3.2. Proximate and ultimate analysis of Additive analysis 60
Table. 3.3. Result of BET analysis for carbon additive 61
Table. 3.4. GC/TCD analysis condition for gas product 62
Table. 3.5. GC/FID analysis condition for gas product 62
Table. 3.6. GC/MS analysis condition for tar analysis 63
Table. 4.1. Parameters for gasification experiments of Activated carbon 65
Table. 4.2. ER ratio of Activated carbon 66
Table. 4.3. Mass balance of activated carbon 69
Table. 4.4. Parameters for gasification experiments of bio char 79
Table. 4.5. Mass balance of bio char 81
Table. 4.6. Parameters for gasification experiments of lignin car 86
Table. 4.7. Mass balance of lignin char 88
Table. 4.8. Parameters for gasification experiments of mixed bed(1) 93
Table. 4.9. Parameters for gasification experiments of mixed bed(2) 93
Table. 4.10. Mass balance of mixed bed 95
Figure 2.1. Generation of sewage sludge in korea 21
Figure 2.2. A schematic diagram of wastewater treatment plant 22
Figure 2.3. A schematic diagram of thermochemical processes for sewage sludge. 23
Figure 2.4. Comparative schematic of updraft and downdraft fixed bed gasifiers 28
Figure 2.5. Comparative schematic of bubbling and circulating fluidised bed gasifiers 29
Figure 2.6. Schematic diagram of entrained flow gasifier 30
Figure 2.7. Schematic diagram of plasma gasification process 31
Figure 2.8. Schematic diagram of the experimental apparatus 32
Figure 2.9. Small pilot plant for advanced plastic-waste gasification used at the University of Zaragoza 33
Figure 2.10. A schematic diagram of tar sampling system 46
Figure 2.11. A schematic diagram of primary methods for tar removal 48
Figure 2.12. A schematic diagram of secondary methods for tar removal 49
Figure 3.1. Schematic diagram of fixed bed steam gasification equipment for sewage sludge 54
Figure 4.1. Variation of the gas composition according to activated carbons particle size at 750℃ 72
Figure 4.2. Variation of the gas composition according to activated carbons particle size at 800℃ 72
Figure 4.3. Variation of the gas composition according to activated carbons particle size at 850℃ 73
Figure 4.4. Variation of the gas composition according to carbon bed temperature for activated carbons particle size under 0.5um 73
Figure 4.5. Variation of the gas composition according to carbon bed temperature for activated carbons particle size 0.5~1.7um 74
Figure 4.6. Variation of the gas composition according to carbon bed temperature for activated carbons particle size3.5mm 74
Figure 4.7. Variation of the gas composition according to using steam for carbon bed temperature at 800℃ 75
Figure 4.8. Variation of the gas composition according to ER ratio for carbon bed temperature at 800℃ 75
Figure 4.9. Chromatogram by result of tar analysis for activated carbon 77
Figure 4.10. Variation of the gas composition according to carbon bed temperature for bio char 83
Figure 4.11. Variation of the gas composition according to using steam for carbon bed temperature at 800℃ 83
Figure 4.12. Chromatogram by result of tar analysis for bio char 85
Figure 4.13. Variation of the gas composition according to carbon bed temperature for lignin char 89
Figure 4.14. Variation of the gas composition according to using steam for carbon bed temperature at 800℃ 90
Figure 4.15. Chromatogram by result of tar analysis for lignin char 91
Figure 4.15. Variation of the gas composition according to using steam for carbon bed temperature at 800 (BC/AC) 97
Figure 4.16. Variation of the gas composition according to using steam for carbon bed temperature at 800 (AC/BC) 97
Figure 4.17. Variation of the gas composition according to using steam for carbon bed temperature at 800 (LC/AC) 98
Figure 4.18. Variation of the gas composition according to using steam for carbon bed temperature at 850 (AC/BC) 98
Figure 4.19. Variation of the gas composition according to using steam for carbon bed temperature at 850 (BC/AC) 99
Figure 4.20. Chromatogram by result of tar analysis for mixed bed 100