Title Page
ABSTRACT
Contents
CHAPTER 1. LITERATURE REVIEW 14
INTRODUCTION 15
PHYTOGENIC FEED ADDITIVES 16
DIFFERENT PHYTOGENIC FEED ADDITIVES IN NON-RUMINANTS 17
BENEFITS OF PHYTOGENIC FEED ADDITIVES 20
CONCLUSION 24
REFERENCES 25
CHAPTER 2. COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF DIETARY HERBAL MIXTURE OR GUANIDINOACETIC ACID SUPPLEMENTATION ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, CECAL MICROBIOTA, BLOOD PROFILE, EXCRETA GAS EMISSION, AND MEAT QUALITY IN HANHYUP-3-HO CHICKEN 35
INTRODUCTION 36
MATERIALS AND METHODS 38
RESULT 42
DISCUSSION 44
REFERENCES 57
CHAPTER 3. SILYBUM MARIANUM SEED EXTRACT AS A POTENTIAL PHYTOGENIC FEED ADDITIVE FOR IMPROVING GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY IN GROWING PIGS 64
INTRODUCTION 65
MATERIALS AND METHODS 66
RESULT 69
DISCUSSION 69
REFERENCES 78
CHAPTER 4. INCLUSION OF GRADED LEVELS OF ACHYRANTHES JAPONICA ROOT EXTRACT TO LOW CRUDE PROTEIN DIET ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY, CECAL MICROBIAL AND MEAT QUALITY PARAMETERS IN BROILERS 82
INTRODUCTION 83
MATERIALS AND METHODS 84
RESULTS 87
DISCUSSION 88
REFERENCES 96
ABBREVIATIONS 103
CHAPTER 2 101
Table 2-1. Composition and nutrient levels of basal diets (as-fed basis) 50
Table 2-2. The effect of herbal mixture or guanidinoacetic acid supplementation on growth performance in Hanhyup-3-ho chickens 52
Table 2-3. The effect of herbal mixture or guanidinoacetic acid supplementation on Cecal microbiota in Hanhyup-3-ho chickens 53
Table 2-4. The effect of herbal mixture or guanidinoacetic acid supplementation on blood profile in Hanhyup-3-ho chickens 54
Table 2-5. The effect of herbal mixture or guanidinoacetic acid supplementation on gas emission in Hanhyup-3-ho chickens 55
Table 2-6. The effect of herbal mixture or guanidinoacetic acid supplementation on organ weight and meat quality in Hanhyup-3-ho chickens 56
CHAPTER 3 101
Table 3-1. Ingredient composition of basal diet as-fed basis 73
Table 3-2. The effect of supplementation of Silybum marianum seed extract on growth performance in growing pigs 75
Table 3-3. The effect of supplementation of Silybum marianum seed extract on nutrient digestibility in growing pigs. 76
Table 3-4. The effect of supplementation of Silybum marianum seed extract on blood profile in growing pigs 77
CHAPTER 4 102
Table 4-1. Feed composition of broiler (as fed-basis) 91
Table 4-2. Effects of low crude protein diet supplemented with Achyranthes Japonica extract on growth performance in broilers 92
Table 4-3. Effects of low crude protein diet supplemented with Achyranthes Japonica extract on nutrient digestibility in broilers 93
Table 4-4. Effects of low crude protein diet supplemented with Achyranthes Japonica extract on cecal microflora in broilers 94
Table 4-5. Effects of low crude protein diet supplemented with Achyranthes Japonica extract on meat quality in broilers 95