Title Page
Contents
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 11
ABSTRACT 12
Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION 14
Ⅱ. LITERATURE REVIEWS 19
A. Food additives 19
1. Definition of food additives 19
2. History of food additives 21
3. General use standards for food additives 22
4. Safety assessment of food additives 24
5. Types of food additives 25
B. Nutrition education for older adults 31
1. Older adult nutrition 31
2. Older adult diseases 34
3. Nutrition education 36
4. The health Belief model 37
5. Transtheoretical model of behavior change 38
6. Older adult nutrition education 42
Ⅲ. METHODS 51
A. Research participants and period 51
B. Development and intervention of the nutrition education program 54
1. Design of the nutrition education program 54
2. Development of the nutrition education program 57
C. Evaluation of nutrition education effect 61
1. Development of pre-and post-education evaluation tools 61
2. Conducting pre-education survey, implementing food additive education, and conducting post-education evaluation survey 63
D. Statistical analysis 64
Ⅳ. RESULTS 65
A. Education-learning process and educational materials 65
1. Lesson 1 - Eat smartly: food additives (sweeteners) 65
2. Lesson 2 - Eat smartly: food additives (preservatives) 68
3. Lesson 3 - Eat smartly: food additives (thickeners) 71
4. Lesson 4 - Eat smartly: food additives (safety) 74
B. General survey details 77
C. Results of the survey on the perception of food additives 79
D. Comparison of perception survey results following food additive education 84
E. Survey results on satisfaction following food additive education 90
Ⅴ. DISCUSSION 95
Ⅵ. CONCLUSION 98
REFERENCES 100
APPENDICES 107
APPENDIX 1. Survey for Evaluating the Effects of Food Additive and Nutrition Index Education on Older Adult Participants (Before Education) 107
APPENDIX 2. Survey for Evaluating the Effects of Food Additive and Nutrition Index Education on Older Adult Participants (After Education) 110
Table 1. General use level 23
Table 2. Types of food additives 26
Table 3. Survey on the actual conditions of older adults in Korea 33
Table 4. Previous studies on nutrition education for older adults 43
Table 5. Advice received and results 58
Table 6. Training program step-by-step organization and topic 60
Table 7. Composition of pre-education survey and post-education effect evaluation paper 62
Table 8. Cognitive survey results of participants' age, gender, height, weight and efforts to improve dietary habits 78
Table 9. Comparison of perception survey results following food additive education 87
Figure 1. Stages of change : the transtheoretical model of behavior change 41
Figure 2. Method of selecting face-to-face participants 52
Figure 3. Method of selecting non-face-to-face participants 53
Figure 4. Nutrition program design 55
Figure 5. Developed food additives training program feature 60
Figure 6. Cognitive survey results of food additives 81
Figure 7. Hazardous results of food additives 81
Figure 8. Type and variety cognitive results of food additives 82
Figure 9. Accepted daily intake cognitive results of food additives 82
Figure 10. Cognitive results of food additive management 83
Figure 11. The results of necessity for food additives education 83
Figure 12. Results of the questionnaire on program's interest 92
Figure 13. Results of the questionnaire on program's approachable level 92
Figure 14. Results of the questionnaire on program's helpful level 93
Figure 15. Results of the questionnaire on program's appropriateness of the learning method 93
Figure 16. Results of the questionnaire on program's amount of food additive education material 94