표제지
목차
ABSTRACT 11
제1장 서론 13
제1절 연구 배경 및 필요성 13
제2절 연구 목적 19
제2장 이론적 고찰 20
제1절 도시열섬(Urban Heat Island) 20
1. 도시열섬의 정의 및 특징 20
2. 도시열섬의 영향 21
제2절 옥상녹화(Green roof) 24
1. 옥상녹화의 정의 및 특징 24
2. 옥상녹화의 환경적 측면 26
3. 이끼(Moss) 29
제3절 이산화탄소(CO₂) 31
1. CO₂의 정의 및 특징 31
2. CO₂ 저감 대책 33
제4절 생물기원 휘발성 유기 화합물(BVOCs) 35
1. BVOCs 35
2. 이소프렌(Isoprene) 39
3. 모노테르펜류(Monoterpene) 39
4. 알데하이드(Aldehyde) 41
제3장 연구방법 44
제1절 실험시스템 44
1. CO₂ 실험시스템 44
2. BVOCs 실험시스템 49
제2절 시료 채취 방법 50
1. 이소프렌 및 모노테르펜류 50
2. 알데하이드류 50
제3절 실험 인자 52
제4절 BVOCs 분석방법 54
1. 시료 전처리 방법 54
2. 분석 방법 54
제5절 정도관리(QA/QC) 58
1. 이소프렌 및 모노테르펜에 대한 정도관리 58
2. 알데하이드 62
제4장 결과 및 고찰 66
제1절 공시험 (Blank test) 66
1. CO₂ 공시험 66
2. BVOCs 공시험 66
제2절 실험 인자별 탄소 이끼의 CO₂ 배출 특성 68
1. 연구의 범위 68
2. 실험 인자별 탄소 이끼의 CO₂ 배출 특성 배출 특성 70
제3절 실험인자에 따른 BVOCs 배출 특성 79
1. PAR에 따른 이소프렌 및 모노테르펜류 배출 특성 79
2. PAR에 따른 알데하이드류의 배출 특성 80
3. 다른 선행연구와의 BVOCs 배출 특성 비교 82
제4절 탄소 이끼의 경제적 효과 산출 83
1. 대한민국의 탄소 이끼의 경제적 효과 계산 83
2. 영국 본토의 탄소 이끼의 경제적 효과 계산 86
3. 한계점 88
제5장 결론 89
참고문헌 90
국문초록 100
Table 1. Research trends on green roof of moss 30
Table 2. Skeleton formula of isoprene and monoterpene 40
Table 3. Skeleton formula of aldehyde 42
Table 4. Experimental conditions 53
Table 5. Analytical conditions of GC/MS 55
Table 6. Analytical conditions of HPLC 57
Table 7. Results of Isoprene calibration 58
Table 8. Monoterpene calibration result 59
Table 9. Analytical precision of isoprene and monoterpene 60
Table 10. Below detection limit for isoprene and monoterpene 60
Table 11. Results of aldehyde calibration 62
Table 12. Analytical precision for aldehyde 62
Table 13. Aldehyde Below detection limit 63
Table 14. Net CO₂ emissions (kg CO₂/m2·year) of various moss samples under different conditions 75
Table 15. Isoprene and Monoterpene Emissions at 500PAR(ng/L) 79
Table 16. Isoprene and Monoterpene Emissions at 1000PAR(ng/L) 80
Table 17. Aldehyde Emission at 500PAR 81
Table 18. Aldehyde Emissions at 1000PAR 81
Table 19. Economic effects of Carbon moss from the application of general rooftop area in Seoul (1000PAR) 83
Table 20. Economic effects of Carbon moss from the application of general rooftop area in Korea (1000PAR) 84
Table 21. Energy reduction cost due to green roof in Korea 85
Table 22. Economic effects of Carbon moss from the application of general rooftop area in England (1000PAR) 86
Table 23. Energy reduction cost due to green roof in England 87
Figure 1. CO₂ concentration and temperature changes 14
Figure 2. Diagram of Heat Island effect 21
Figure 3. The process of urban heat island on urban areas. 22
Figure 4. The structure of the green roof 25
Figure 5. Examples of green roof in various area 26
Figure 6. Global CO₂ emissions from energy combustion and industrial processes and their annual change (1900~2022) 31
Figure 7. Greenhouse gas emissions and absorption by sector (1990~2020) 33
Figure 8. Distribution chart of emissions(mg·m²/day) of Isoprene(left) and Monoterpenes(rights) worldwide in January(top) and July(bottom) 36
Figure 9. A schematic representation of the process by which ozone is produced from free radicals in BVOCs 38
Figure 10. Structure of aldehyde 41
Figure 11. Experimental set-up for investigating the capability of moss samples to capture CO₂ in 25℃ condition 45
Figure 12. Experimental set-up for investigating the moss samples capability to capture moss in 10℃ 46
Figure 13. Experimental set-up for investigating the moss samples capability to capture moss in 35℃ 47
Figure 14. Example of moss samples used in this study : a) Bright green and b) Dark green 47
Figure 15. Experimental process by different PARs at 25℃ 48
Figure 16. Experimental set-up for collecting BVOCs samples emitted from moss 49
Figure 17. Ozone scrubber-DNPH catridge for aldehyde sampling 51
Figure 18. GC/MS-TD for BVOCs analysis 55
Figure 19. Appearance of HPLC system 56
Figure 20. Isoprene calibration curve 58
Figure 21. Monoterpene calibration curve 61
Figure 22. Aldehyde calibration curve 65
Figure 23. A chromatogram after a Tedler bag blank test 67
Figure 24. A chromatogram after a Tube blank test 67
Figure 25. Comparison of CO₂ emissions by different species at 25℃ 70
Figure 26. Comparison of CO₂ emissions between the same color mosses at 25℃ (Left: Bright green moss, Right: Dark green moss) 71
Figure 27. Comparison of CO₂ emissions between the same colors mosses at 10℃ (Left: Bright green moss, Right: Dark green moss) 72
Figure 28. Comparison of CO₂ emissions between the same age mosses at 25℃ (Left: 1year old moss, Right: 3year old moss) 73
Figure 29. Comparison of CO₂ emissions between the same age mosses at 10℃ (Left: 1year old moss, Right: 3year old moss) 74
Figure 30. Comparison of CO₂ emissions between a similar age (2~3year old) mosses 77
Figure 31. Changes in the CO₂ emissions of moss due to rough handling 78