표제지
목차
ABSTRACT 10
제1장 서론 13
제1절 연구 배경 13
제2절 연구 목적 15
제2장 이론적 배경 16
제1절 전기투석 16
1. 전기투석 원리 16
2. 농도분극 18
3. 한계전류밀도 20
4. 유기물 21
5. 막 오염 23
제2절 아연제련 폐수 및 처리기술 25
(1) 응집-침전 처리 25
(2) 부유-선별 처리 26
(3) 흡착 26
제3절 가축분뇨 소화액 및 처리기술 27
(1) 혐기성 27
(3) 호기성 27
제3장 실험 재료 및 방법 29
제1절 전기투석 공정 29
제2절 이온교환막 31
제3절 대상 폐수 32
1. 아연제련 폐수 32
2. 가축분뇨 소화액 33
제4절 실험 방법 34
1. 한계전류밀도 34
2. 이온 제거-농축 실험 및 막 오염 34
제5절 분석 항목 및 분석 방법 35
1. 이온 분석 35
2. 표면 분석 35
3. 유기물 분석 35
제4장 결과 및 고찰 37
제1절 아연제련 폐수 37
1. 한계전류밀도 및 저항 37
2. 이온 제거 및 농축 효율 39
3. 무기 오염 41
4. 유기 오염 46
제2절 가축분뇨 소화액 53
1. 한계전류밀도 및 저항 53
2. 이온 제거 및 농축 효율 55
3. 무기 오염 58
4. 유기물 오염 66
제5장 결론 71
1. 아연제련 폐수 71
2. 가축분뇨 소화액 71
참고문헌 73
국문초록 79
Table. 2-1. Organic material properties present in the water 22
Table. 2-2. Membrane processes and the most frequent membrane contaminants 24
Table. 2-3. The advantages and disadvantages of smelter agglomeration-precipitation 26
Table. 3-1. Main properties of the ion-exchange membranes (Innochemtech Co.(Daejeon, Korea)) 31
Table. 3-2. Zinc smelting wastewater properties analysis 32
Table. 3-3. Livestock manure digesting liquefied fertilizer properties analysis 33
Table. 4-1. Elemental composition of the precipitate on the CEM according to EDX 42
Table. 4-2. Elemental composition of the precipitate on the AEM according to EDX 43
Table. 4-3. Wavelength range of particular organic matter in EEM 47
Table. 4-4. Change in the composition of hydrophilic dissolved organic carbon(DOC) and hydrophobic and hydrophilic during ED 52
Table. 4-5. Elemental composition of the precipitate on the CEM according to EDX 60
Table. 4-6. Elemental composition of the precipitate on the AEM according to EDX 61
Table. 4-7. Wavelength range of particular organic matter in EEM 67
Table. 4-8. Change in the composition of hydrophilic dissolved organic carbon(DOC) and hydrophobic and hydrophilic during ED 70
Fig. 2-1. Schematic diagram of electrodialysis (ED) 17
Fig. 2-2. Concentration polarization in anion exchange membrane 19
Fig. 2-3. Principles of ion exchange membrane contamination 24
Fig. 2-4. Current status of livestock manure generation 28
Fig. 3-1. Schematic diagram of the electrodialysis (ED) device 30
Fig. 4-1. Voltage-current (V-I) curve 38
Fig. 4-2. Limiting current density (LCD) 38
Fig. 4-3. Change in cadmium concentration during ED (Ct/Co) 40
Fig. 4-4. Change in conductivity concentration during ED (Ct/Co) 40
Fig. 4-5. Optical microscopy (OM) images of cation-exchange membranes (a) virgin, (b) fouling_white, (c) fouling_brown and anion-exchange... 41
Fig. 4-6. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy component analysis of fouling materials generated from CEM 45
Fig. 4-7. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy component analysis of fouling materials generated from AEM 45
Fig. 4-8. ED Images of fluorescence excitation - emission matrix (EEM) before and after operation (a) wastewater, (b) diluate, (c) concentrate 47
Fig. 4-9. Images of crystal violet staining before and after operation (a) CEM before the operation, (b) CEM after the operation, (c) AEM... 49
Fig. 4-10. Change in the composition of hydrophilic dissolved organic carbon(DOC) during ED (a) diluate(influent), (b) diluate(effluent), (c)... 51
Fig. 4-11. Change in the composition of hydrophilic dissolved organic carbon(DOC) during ED ; DOC concentration 52
Fig. 4-12. Voltage-current (V-I) curve 54
Fig. 4-13. Limiting current density (LCD) 54
Fig. 4-14. Change in PO₄³⁻-P concentration during ED (Ct/Co) 56
Fig. 4-15. Change in NH₃⁺-N concentration during ED (Ct/Co) 56
Fig. 4-16. Change in Conductivity concentration during ED 57
Fig. 4-17. FE-SEM images of cation-exchange membranes and pore (a) virgin, (b) fouling and anion-exchange membranes and pore (c) virgin, (d)fouling 59
Fig. 4-18. CEM elemental analysis (a) virgin, (b) fouling 60
Fig. 4-19. (a) AEM fouling membrane image, AEM elemental analysis (b) Virgin, (c) Fouling_Thined, (d) Fouling_Thicked 61
Fig. 4-20. FE-SEM images of AEM layer (a) virgin, (b) fouling, (c) fouling_diluate, (d) fouling_concentrate 63
Fig. 4-21. FE-SEM images of CEM layer (a) virgin, (b) fouling, (c) fouling_dilutae, (d) fouling_concentrate 63
Fig. 4-22. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy component analysis of fouling materials generated from AEM 65
Fig. 4-23. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy component analysis of fouling materials generated from CEM 65
Fig. 4-24. ED images of fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) before and after operation (a) wastewater, (b) diluate, (c) concentrate 67
Fig. 4-25. Change in the composition of hydrophilic dissolved organic carbon(DOC) during ED (a) waste water, (b) diluate, (c) concentrate 69
Fig. 4-26. Change in the composition of hydrophilic dissolved organic carbon(DOC) during ED ; DOC concentration 70