Title Page
Contents
ABSTRACT 10
Chapter 1. Introduction 13
Chapter 2. Literature review 15
2.1. Deoxynivalenol in swine diets 15
2.1.1. Influence of dietary deoxynivalenol on growth performance of pigs 15
2.1.2. Influence of dietary deoxynivalenol on nutrient digestibility 15
2.2. Regulation of deoxynivalenol in feeds and foods 16
2.2.1. Recommended allowance of deoxynivalenol in feeds and food regulation of deoxynivalenol 16
2.2.2. Accumulation of deoxynivalenol in animal organs 17
2.3. Deoxynivalenol-sequestering and deoxynivalenol-detoxifying agents 18
2.3.1. Deoxynivalenol adsorbents 18
2.3.2. Deoxynivalenol-detoxifying blends 19
2.4. Conclusion 20
Chapter 3. Influences of naturally produced deoxynivalenol on growth performance and organ deoxynivalenol accumulation in pigs 28
3.1. Introduction 28
3.2. Materials and methods 29
3.2.1. Animals, diets, and experimental design 29
3.2.2. Feeding and sample collection 29
3.2.3. Chemical analyses 30
3.2.4. Statistical analyses 30
3.3. Results 31
3.4. Discussion 32
3.5. Conclusion 35
Chapter 4. Effects of mycotoxin-sequestering agents on growth performance and nutrient utilization of growing pigs fed deoxynivalenol-contaminated diets 42
4.1. Introduction 42
4.2. Materials and methods 43
4.2.1. Animals, diets, and experimental design 43
4.2.2. Feeding and sample collection 44
4.2.3. Chemical analyses 44
4.2.4. Calculations and statistical analyses 45
4.3. Results 45
4.4. Discussion 46
4.5. Conclusion 51
Chapter 5. Effects of a bentonite clay product and a preservative blend on ileal and fecal nutrient digestibility in pigs fed wheat naturally contaminated with deoxynivalenol 57
5.1. Introduction 57
5.2. Materials and methods 58
5.2.1. Animals, diets, and experimental design 58
5.2.2. Feeding and sample collection 59
5.2.3. Chemical analyses 59
5.2.4. Calculations 60
5.2.5. Statistical analyses 60
5.3. Results 61
5.4. Discussion 61
5.5. Conclusion 65
Chapter 6. Overall discussion 72
References 74
Appendix 85
Abstract (in Korean) 86
Table 2.1. Effects of deoxynivalenol (DON) on nutrient digestibility in pigs 21
Table 2.2. Recommended allowances for deoxynivalenol in swine feeds, as-is basis 22
Table 2.3. Recommended allowances for deoxynivalenol (DON) in foodstuffs 23
Table 2.4. The effects of supplemental mycotoxin-sequestering agents in deoxynivalenol (DON)-contaminated diets on growth performance of pigs 24
Table 2.5. The effects of supplemental mycotoxin-sequestering agents in deoxynivalenol (DON)-contaminated diets on nutrient digestibility of pigs 25
Table 3.1. Ingredients and chemical compistions of experimental diets (as-fed basis) 36
Table 3.2. Calculated and analyzed composition of control and deoxynivalenol-contaminated diets (as-fed basis) 37
Table 3.3. Effects of dietary deoxynivalenol on growth performance in pigs 38
Table 3.4. Effects of dietary deoxynivalenol (DON) and feeding period on organ weight of pigs (wet basis) 39
Table 3.5. Effects of dietary deoxynivalenol (DON) and feeding period on DON concentration of pig organs (wet basis) 40
Table 3.6. Effects of dietary deoxynivalenol on complete blood count traits on d 56 in pigs 41
Table 4.1. Ingredient composition and chemical composition of experimental diets (as-fed basis) 53
Table 4.2. Effects of mycotoxin-sequestering agent in deoxynivalenol-contaminated diets on growth performance and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients 54
Table 5.1. Analyzed chemical composition of uncontaminated wheat, naturally contaminated wheat with deoxynivalenol, and soybean meal, as-is basis 66
Table 5.2. Ingredient composition and chemical composition of experimental diets, as-is basis 67
Table 5.3. Amino acid concentrations of experimental diets, as-is basis 68
Table 5.4. Effects of feed additives in deoxynivalenol-contaminated diets on apparent ileal digestibility of nutrients 69
Table 5.5. Effects of feed additives in deoxynivalenol-contaminated diets on apparent ileal and total tract digestibility of minerals 70
Table 5.6. Effects of feed additives in deoxynivalenol-contaminated diets on apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids 71
Figure 2.1. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) of different bentonites 26
Figure 2.2. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) of the yeast cell wall fraction 27
Figure 4.1. A replicated 6 × 5 incomplete Latin square design was employed using 12 animals, 6 experimental diets, and 5 periods balanced for potential carryover effects... 55
Figure 4.2. A period consisted of the feeding of 4 days for adaptation (▨) and the feeding of 5 days for fecal collection (▧). Chromium oxide was used as an... 56