Title Page
Contents
ABSTRACT 11
Ⅰ. Introduction 13
Ⅱ. Literature Review 16
2.1. Omega-3 fatty acids 16
2.1.1. Definition and characteristics 16
2.1.2. Dietary intake recommendations 16
2.2. Production techniques for omega-3 oil concentrates 17
2.2.1. Sources of omega-3 oils 17
2.2.2. Concentration process 18
2.3. Definition and benefits of re-esterified triacylglycerol (rTG)-type omega-3 oils 18
Ⅲ. Materials and Methods 20
3.1. Chemicals and reagents 20
3.2. Preparation of authentic and adulterated commercial samples 20
3.3. Enzymatic preparation of authentic laboratory-made samples 21
3.4. Quantitative analysis of individual fatty acids 23
3.5. Quantitative analysis of acylglycerols and FAEE 23
3.6. Validation of LC-ELSD method 25
3.7. Statistical analysis 25
Ⅳ. Results and Discussion 26
4.1. Total contents of EPAand DHA 26
4.2. Validation of LC-ELSD method 33
4.3. Lipid profiles of authentic re-esterified triacylgycerol (rTG)-type omega-3 oils 38
4.4. Lipid profiles of re-esterified triacylgycerol (rTG)-type omega-3 oils adulterated with fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE)-type omega-3 oils 42
4.5. Lipid profiles of commercial re-esterified triacylgycerol (rTG)-type omega-3 oils distributed in Korea 47
4.6. Authentication of commercial re-esterified triacylgycer ol (rTG)-type omega-3 oils using multivariate analysis of lipid profiles 52
Ⅴ. CONCLUSION 58
Ⅵ. REFERENCE 60
ABSTRACT IN KOREAN 65
Table 1. Content of individual fatty acids in commercial re-esterified triacylgycerol (rTG)-type omega-3 oil samples (g/100g). 27
Table 2. Content of individual fatty acids in commercial fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE)-type omega-3 oil samples (g/100g). 29
Table 3. Comparison of labeled and measured total contents of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in commercial re-esterified triacylgycerol... 30
Table 4. Comparison of labeled and measured total contents of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in commercial fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE)-... 32
Table 5. Sensitivity, accuracy, and precision of the liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detection method for the quantitative analysis of acylglycerols and fatty acid methyl esters... 37
Table 6. Lipid profile of authentic re-esterified triacylgycerol (rTG)-type omega-3 oil samples. 41
Table 7. Lipid profile of adulterated re-esterified triacylgycerol (rTG)-type omega-3 oil samples. 43
Table 8. Lipid profile of commercial products which were potentially authenticated as re-esterified triacylgycerol (rTG)-type omega-3 oils. 49
Table 9. Lipid profile of commercial products which were potentially identified as re-esterified triacylgycerol (rTG)-type omega-3 oils adulterated with fatty acid ethyl... 51
Figure 1. Preparation of authentic laboratory-made re-esterified triacylgycerol-type omega-3 oil samples via lipase-catalyzed transesterification of glycerol with a commercial fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE)-type omega-3 oil with glycerol... 22
Figure 2. Liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detection chromatogram of (A) mixed reference standards and authentic commercial re-... 35
Figure 3. Standard calibration curves of (A) tridocosahexaenoin, (B) trieicosapentaenoin, (C) didocosahexaenoin, (D) monodocosahexaenoin, (E) ethyl... 36
Figure 4. Dendrogram of hierarchical cluster analysis for lipid profiles of 104 re-esterified triacylglycerol (rTG)-type omega-3 oil samples used in this study. The rTG-type omega-3 oil samples consisted of seven authentic samples (AU1,... 56
Figure 5. Score plot of principal component analysis for lipid profiles of 104 re-esterified triacylglycerol (rTG)-type omega-3 oil samples used in this study. The rTG-type omega-3 oil samples consisted of seven authentic samples (AU1,... 57