Title Page
Contents
국문초록 9
1. Introduction 11
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 17
2.1. Plant materials 17
2.2. Animals 17
2.3. Bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) 18
2.4. Animal experimental design 19
2.5. Neurological severity score (NSS) 20
2.6. Behavior test 21
2.7. Cell culture 22
2.8. Oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) 22
2.9. Western blot analysis 23
2.10. Immunohistochemistry 24
2.11. Cytotoxicity assay 24
2.12. MTT Assay 25
2.13. Tissue section strategy for infarct volume and Cresyl violet staining 25
2.14. Statistical analysis 26
3. Results 27
3.1. Establishment of a vascular dementia mouse model 27
3.2. Prunus cerasoides extract (PCE) and prunetin (PN) improved the Neurological Severity Score (NSS) and increased survival in mice with vascular dementia 29
3.3. PCE and PN exhibited neurobehavioral anti-anxiety effects in mice with vascular dementia 33
3.4. PCE and PN Promote Survival-Associated Signaling 37
3.5. PCE and PN reduced BBB leakage and increased integrity 40
3.6. PCE and PN increased cell proliferation and modulated the cell cycle 43
3.7. PCE reduced cell cytotoxicity of neuronal N2a cells following OGD 46
4. Discussion 48
REFERENCES 52
ABSTRACT 57
Figure 1. Hypoxia and ischemic stroke causing vascular dementia 12
Figure 2. Pathways of oxidative stress and cell cycle progression 14
Figure 3. Animal experimental design 20
Figure 4. Establishing a vascular dementia mouse model. 28
Figure 5. The effects of PCE and PN on Neurological Severity Score (NSS) and survival rate. 32
Figure 6. Results of PCE and PN on neurobehavioral anxiolytic effects in VD. 36
Figure 7. Changes in survival signal expression levels following PCE and PN treatment. 38
Figure 8. Changes in tight junction-related molecular expression levels caused by the treatment of PCE and PN. 42
Figure 9. Changes in cyclin expression levels and cell proliferation following PCE and PN treatment 45
Figure 10. Reduced cytotoxicity for oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) by PC 47
Figure 11. Overview of cell cycle and survival signals by PCE 51