Title Page

ABSTRACT

Contents

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 15

CHAPTER ONE. INTRODUCTION 16

1.1. Background information 16

1.2. Statement of problem 21

1.3. Research objectives 23

1.4. Research questions 23

1.5. Significance of the study 23

CHAPTER TWO. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 25

2.1. Psychological factors affecting career adaptability 25

2.1.1. Growth mindset 25

2.1.2. Grit 26

2.1.3. Resilience 27

2.1.4. Career adaptability 28

2.1.5. Literature Review 28

2.2. Small-scale farmers and climate change 34

CHAPTER THREE. METHODOLOGY 38

3.1. Description of the participants 38

3.2. Description of the study area 38

3.2.1. Location 38

3.2.2. Population 40

3.2.3. Climatic conditions 40

3.2.4. Economic activities 40

3.3. Sample size and sampling technique used 40

3.4. Research design 41

3.5. Data collection methods and materials 41

3.5.1. Career adaptability scale 42

3.5.2. Growth mindset scale 42

3.5.3. Grit scale 42

3.5.4. Resilience scale 43

3.6. Pre-test study 43

3.7. Data collection 44

3.8. Data analysis and presentation 44

3.8.1. Data analysis 44

3.8.2. Presentation of results 44

CHAPTER FOUR. RESULTS 45

4.1. Demographic characteristics of respondents 45

4.2. Cronbach's alpha test 47

4.3. Descriptive statistics 48

4.4. Pearson correlation analysis 49

4.5. Multiple regression analysis 52

CHAPTER FIVE. DISCUSSION, RECOMMENDATIONS, AND CONCLUSION 55

5.1. Discussion 55

5.1.1. Tendencies of the growth mindset, grit, resilience, and career adaptability of small-scale farmers 55

5.1.2. Relationships between the growth mindset, grit, resilience, and career adaptability of small-scale farmers 57

5.1.3. The effect of the growth mindset, grit, and resilience of small-scale farmers on career adaptability 59

5.2. Implications of the study 61

5.3. Limitations and recommendations 62

5.3.1. Limitations 62

5.3.2. Recommendations 63

5.4. Conclusion 64

REFERENCES 66

국문초록 87

APPENDICIES 91

Appendix 1. Questionnaire 91

Appendix 2. The Career Adapt-Abilities Scale 95

Appendix 3. The Dweck's mindset scale 96

Appendix 4. Growth mindset items used for analysis in the study 97

Appendix 5. The short grit scale 97

Appendix 6. The Connor-Davidson Resilience scale 98

Table 4.1. Demographic status of the participants 46

Table 4.2. Reliability test results of variables 48

Table 4.3. Descriptive analysis results 49

Table 4.4. Pearson correlation matrix results 50

Table 4.5. Results of the first multiple regression model 53

Table 4.6. Results of the second multiple regression model 53

Figure 3.1. Map of Mbeya District Council showing the Administrative Area. 39