This study was conducted to assess bioaerosol, such as airborne bacteria and fungi, distribution in several types of buildings situated in Korea and to provide fundamental data with domestic managers who are responsible for preventing residents’ adverse health effect caused by exposure to bioaerosol. The buildings investigated in this study are classified into 4 sections: public building (hospital, childcare center, elderly welfare facility and maternity recuperation center), agriculture (pig building), transportation (subway) and industry (feedstuff manufacture factory). The mean levels of airborne bacteria and fungi were 404(±211)cfu m-3 and 382(±108)cfu m-3 in hospital, 684(±428)cfu m-3 and 536(±208)cfu m-3 in childcare center, 294(±103)cfu m-3 and 334(±139)cfu m-3 in elderly welfare facility, 586(±284)cfu m-3 and 371(±114)cfu m-3 in maternity recuperation center, 13,500(±5,350)cfu m-3 and 1,380(±628)cfu m-3 in pig building, 224(±102)cfu m-3 and 117(±36)cfu m-3 in subway, and 156(±63)cfu m-3 and 113(±41)cfu m-3 in feedstuff manufacture factory, respectively. As a result, levels of airborne bacteria were higher than airborne bacteria regardless of building type. The pig building showed the highest concentrations of airborne bacteria and fungi among buildings investigated in this study. It also exceeded the standard guideline (800 cfu m-3) regulated in Korea for airborne bacteria and represented the highest ratio of indoor and outdoor concentration of airborne bacteria and fungi. Thus, the pertinent management plan such as application of optimal ventilation rate should be developed in order to reduce bioaerosol concentration in the pig building into a safe level for preventing farmer’s respiratory disorder. The predominant genera of airborne bacteria and fungi were Staphylococcus spp. and Cladosporium spp. in public building and subway and Micrococcus spp. and Penicillium spp. in pig building and feedstuff manufacture factory, respectively.