In September 1945, Japan and South Korea had been occupied. Japan, the defeated nation of the World WarⅡ, was undergoing the postwar social reconstruction under the Allied Force, which set its sights on creating a new society based on democracy. On thecontrary, South Korea was under the U.S. rule, and was disturbed by the new occupier, having no idea why it was supposed to be occupied or even no margin to be delightful with its liberation from the occupation by Japan. At the earlier stage, the U.S. army landed on South Korea with a task of evacuation of the Japanese army and of repatriation of Japanese residents to their country. However, once the relationship between the U.S. and the Soviet Union (the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) plunged into the Cold War, the U.S. occupation army replaced the task in South Korea with the new policies which coped with the subsequent aspects in other parts of East Asia. To add to that new global movement, the order deterioration in South Korea and the threat of Communism alerted the U.S. and indicated a need for an army in South Korea.
In this study, the main subject is to investigate the process of organizing the army in South Korea as a part of policies toward the whole Korea after the year of 1945. It is especially notable that the U.S. occupation army already had a plan to organize an army in South Korea for its armament, while at the same time in Japan they had its objective on democratization and disarmament. The U.S. postwar policies on Asia as such and therearmament of Japan will be mainly focused on. Despite that the occupation on both South Korea and Japan had different objectives each, they had the same processes of creating constabulary and each had the same functioning as Self-Defense Forces and as National-Defense Forces. The processes of building up constabulary in both countries will be discussed particularly. To compare those two, the process of creating constabulary in Korea before the establishment of the Republic of Korea in south should be examined first, concerning how the occupation army actually acted in South Korea and what kind of controversy they had in the Command in Japan and in the mainland U.S., and it will be developed how and why their policies toward South Korea was resolved. Also how the intension of constabulary in South Korea performed in the rearmament process of Japan is discussed. Red Purge practiced after the constabulary creation in South Korea until that in Japan, which was from 1947 to 1950, will be analyzed as well.