본 연구는 타악기를 이용한 즉흥연주가 자폐성 장애 아동의 사회적 상호작용에 미치는 효과를 알아보는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 이를 위하여 자폐성 장애 아동 3명을 대상으로 단일대상 연구방법 중 대상자간 중다기초선 설계법을 적용하였으며, 총 12회기의 중재기간 동안 아동의 행동변화를 등간기록법과 지속시간기록법으로 측정하였다. 또한 중재기간 중 관찰된 사회적 상호작용 행동의 변화과정을 개인별로 기술하였으며, 같은 행동 결과라도 그 의미가 다른 행동 결과 수치에 관하여 동일한 의미로 해석하지 않도록 제시하였다.
타악기를 이용한 즉흥연주활동 프로그램을 적용한 연구 결과는 다음과 같다.
첫째, 타악기를 이용한 즉흥연주활동을 통하여 세 아동 모두 사회적 상호작용 행동의 발생 빈도가 증가하였다. 이러한 결과는 타악기를 이용한 즉흥연주활동이 사회적 상호작용 행동인 비언어성 의사소통 행동, 관계 형성 행동, 자발적 시도행동의 발생 빈도에 긍정적인 영향을 주었다는 것을 알 수 있다.
둘째, 타악기를 이용한 즉흥연주활동을 통하여 세 아동 모두 사회적 상호작용 행동의 지속 시간이 증가하였다. 이러한 결과는 타악기를 이용한 즉흥연주활동이 사회적 상호작용 행동인 비언어성 의사소통 행동 및 자발적 시도행동의 지속 시간 증가에 긍정적인 영향을 주었다는 것을 알 수 있다.This research is about the effect of improvisation of pulsatile instruments on the social interactions of children with autism. For this study three children with autism were chosen as objects and basic addition facts were targeted. During the intervention composed of 12 sessions, change in the children's behavior was measured using interval recording and duration recording. And the process of change in their behavior through social interactions observed during the intervention was described individually. Though the results came from the same behavior, their meaning was not supposed to be translated as the same. The study results from the application of improvisation of pulsatile instruments are as follows.
First, through the improvisation of pulsatile instruments the three children's behavior occurrence frequency of social interactions was increased. This result indicates that the improvisation of pulsatile instruments have a good effect on the children's nonverbal communication, relationship building, voluntary trial.
Second, through the improvisation of pulsatile instruments the duration of social interactions was increased. This result indicates that the improvisation of pulsatile instruments has a good effect on the duration of the children's nonverbal communication and voluntary trial.
In conclusion, this research proves that the improvisation of pulsatile instruments is effective in increasing the social interactions of the children with autism. Therefore this study not only proves that the results of the previous researches that music therapy has a positive effect on the social interactions of the children with autism but also proves that the improvisation of pulsatile instruments which are easy to handle and children learn without aversion has a effect on the social interactions of the children with autism. In other words, this research finds its importance in giving an intervention to increase the social interactions of the children with autism.
Hence, development of various kinds of the improvisation activity programs of pulsatile instruments according to the character of each child with autism is required, based on this research. And a succeeding study that will prove the effectiveness of the intervention of other actions than the social interactions would be required.