본 연구는 일반아동과의 비교를 통해 단순언어장애아동의 시제 이해 및 산출의 특성을 파악하고 이를 임상지도에 활용하는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구대상은 단순언어장애아동과 이들과 같은 생활연령의 일반아동과 같은 언어연령아동 집단이다. 연구방법은 선어말 어미와 관형사형 어미를 과거, 현재, 미래로 나눈 사진을 보고 시제에 맞는 사진을 지적하는 이해과제와 사진을 보고 목표시제를 말하는 산출과제를 제시하여 분석하였다.
본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다.
첫째, 이해과제에서 단순언어장애아동은 세 집단중 가장 낮은 정반응률을 보였으며, 시제에 대한 정반응률은 과거, 현재, 미래 순으로 높았다. 어미 유형 간에는 유의미한 차이가 없었다. 둘째, 산출의 집단 간 정반응률은 이해과제와 같았으며, 시제 간에는 과거, 미래, 현재 순으로 정반응률이 높았다. 셋째, 산출의 오류유형분석 결과 단순언어장애아동 집단이 4가지 오류유형 즉 시제, 활용, 의미, 몰라요(혹은 무응답) 모두에서 오류를 가장 많이 보였고, 특히 4개의 유형중 문법적인 시제오류가 가장 많이 나타났다. 집단간에서는 의미오류에서만 유의미한 차이가 나타나지 않았다.This investigation has a purpose to grasp the understanding and the outputs of SLI children on tenses, and to use the results for a clinical study. Objects were 45 children classified by 3 different groups of 15 ; SLI children group(average age of 8 years and 7 months), chronological age group(average age of 8 years and 6 months), language age group(average age of 6 years and 8 months). The investigator executed the experiment with 80 questions divided into 2 categories.
The results are as following.
First, for the understanding task, toward reaction was most highly showed in chronological age group, then language age group and SLI group in order. According to tense, toward reaction was most highly showed in past, then present and future in order. After comparing average score among each group's toward reaction, SLI group and language age group had lower ratio in past and present tense. However, in future tense, SLI group only had lower score compared to other two groups. Also, there was no significant difference between pre-final endings and adnominal endings for the understanding task.
Second, for the out put task, toward reaction was most highly showed in chronological age group for all of tenses including past, present and future. Tense with pre-final ending had higher toward reaction than that with adnominal ending. Toward reaction ratio among tenses were most highly showed in past, then future and present. Ability of tense output was showed the highest in chronological age group for all of past, present and future. For present and future tense, language age group and SLI group showed the higher reaction in order. Even though SLI group and language age group showed higher reaction in past tense, there was no significant difference statistically.
Third, for the error type analysis, tense error was most highly showed then usage error, 'I don't know' and meaning error in order. Chronological age group had the lowest error type among three groups, and SLI group had the highest rate for all 4 types of error. However, there was no significant difference in meaning error.