본 연구에서는 대학생을 대상으로 성별 및 경제수준에 따른 진로정체감, 진로결정자기효능감 및 진로적응성의 차이를 알아보고 진로정체감, 진로결정자기효능감이 진로적응성에 미치는 영향을 밝혀보고자 하였다. 연구대상은 서울소재 중간규모 사립대학 재학생 541명의 자료이며, 측정도구는 진로정체감, 진로미래검사(진로적응성), 진로결정자기효능감(진로결정, 진로탐색, 문제해결)이었다. 각 변인에서 성별 및 경제수준의 차이 및 영향력을 알아보기 위해 이원변량분석, 단계적 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과로, 첫째, 진로정체감, 진로적응성에서는 성별에 따른 차이가 나타났으며, 남학생이 여학생보다 유의하게 높았다. 둘째, 진로정체감과 진로결정자기효능감은 남녀 학생 모두에게서 경제적 수준이 높을수록 증가하였다. 셋째, 진로결정자기효능감이 높을수록 진로적응성에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 대학생의 취업능력과 연결된 진로적응성을 높이기 위한 진로상담 및 지원시 진로결정과 관련된 신념 개입의 필요성이 제기된다. 본 연구의 의의와 한계 및 추후 연구의 제안 등이 또한 제시되었다.This study examined the difference of College students' Career Identity, Career Decision Making Self-efficacy and Career Adaptability according to personal characteristics(such as, gender and family average incomes). We also analyzed the effect of Career Identity and Career Decision Making Self-efficacy on Career Adaptability. Survey data were collected from 541 students who were enrolled in a private middle-size university in Seoul. Career Identity, Career Futures Inventory and Career Decision Making Self-efficacy Scale were used to measure three career-related constructs. In order to analyze the differences and relationship among the variables, two way ANOVA and stepwise-regression models were adopted. The results of the study were following: First, college students' Career Identity and Career Adaptability were related with their gender. Secondly, college students' Career Identity and Career Decision Making Self-efficacy were related with family average incomes. Thirdly, the effect of Career Decision Making Self-efficacy on Career Adaptability was statistically significant. Based on the research results, it was suggested that college students' career support counseling and program should be carefully built up by considering students' gender and family background, and the relationships among three career-related constructs. Limitations of the current study and suggestions for further studies were also provided.