The purpose of this study is to identify a relationship between the components of human capital and fashion apparel company's performance and to clarify the variation of the relationship between human capital and performance depending on the organizational culture of a fashion apparel company. A quantitative survey was distributed to experts in the fashion industry and conducted, 121 responses were analyzed. Factor analysis, correlation analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, and cluster analysis were employed. The findings of this study are as follows: First, the three components of human capital, such as CEO leadership, members’ capability, and HRM (human resources management), have a significant impact on the performance of fashion apparel companies. In particular, HRM has the greatest influence on the performance of fashion companies, followed by CEO leadership, members' capability. Second, the relationship between the components of human capital and performance is different according to the flexibility of the organizational culture in the fashion apparel companies. In the group with a flexible organizational culture, HRM has a significant effect on the performance of fashion apparel companies. The others with a non-flexible organizational culture, CEO leadership, and members’ capability have a direct influence on the performance of fashion apparel companies.