암태도 소작쟁의는 일제강점기인 1920년대 중반 섬에서 발생한 농민운동이다. 이 글은 암태도 소작쟁의에 참여한 주요 인물들의 활동 사항과 쟁의 과정에서 나타나는 특징을 분석한 것이다. 전개 과정의 단계별 양상, 주도한 사람들의 활동 내력, 암태도 소작쟁의의 성격에 대한 부분을 중심으로 살펴보았다.
연구 성과는 크게 3가지이다. 첫째, 그동안 알려지지 않았던 암태도 참여 주민들의 면모와 감옥생활을 한 21명의 활동 사항 등을 확인하였다. 둘째, 암태도에서 치열하게 소작쟁의가 일어난 배경을 ‘섬 고유의 경제환경’, ‘청년회·소작인회·부인회 등 사회단체의 단결력’, ‘인근 지역보다 높은 교육열’로 파악하여, 이를 상세히 분석하였다. 세 번째 암태도 소작쟁의가 단순히 농민들의 생존권을 위해 우연히 지역에서 일어난 사건이 아니라 당시 1920년대 사회운동 흐름과 맥을 같이한다는 점을 살폈다. 특히 독립운동가인 서태석과 박복영이 주도하였다는 점과 서울청년회·조선노농총동맹 등과 연계되어 활발하게 전개된 투쟁이었음을 밝혔다.The Amtae island tenancy disputes were peasant movements that occurred on the island in the mid-1920s during the Japanese colonial era. This article analyzed the activities of the main agents that participated in the Amtae island tenancy disputes along with characteristics that appeared in the dispute process. Observations were made with focus on phased aspects in development processes, the activities of leading agents, and the characteristics of the Amtae island tenancy disputes.
There were mainly three research results. First, verifications were made of the appearances of participating residents of Amtae island and the activities of 21 people who had been in prison that were previously unknown. Second, it saw the backgrounds to the fierce occurrence of tenancy disputes in Amtae island as being ‘the unique economic environment of the island’, ‘the unity of social organizations such as the Young People’s Association, Little Writers’ Association, and Women’s Association’, and ‘an educational fervor that is stronger than surrounding areas’ and it conducted analysis in detail. Third, observations were made of the fact that the Amtae island tenancy disputes were not simply something that occurred coincidentally for the survival rights of peasants but that they were in line with the flow of social movement in the 1920s. In particular, it was revealed that it was a conflict led by independence activists Seo Tae Suk and Park Bok Young and that it was actively developed in connection with the Seoul Youth Association and the General Alliance of Korean Workers’ Union.