Using social identity theory, our research examined whether employees’ demographic characteristics or agency characteristics actually influence employees’ perceived discrimination in the U.S. federal government in eight social categories: race, age, sex, religion, disability, marital status, political affiliation, and sexual orientation. Through an empirical study utilizing the Merit Principles Survey, the present study found that public employees’ perceptions of discrimination in the workplace were influenced by individual demographic characteristics such as age, race, and sex and also by agency characteristics. These results have presented implications for us that we need to create public organizational cultures that are inclusive of all through diversity management in order to reduce perceived discrimination of employees in the public organizations.