In this paper, I discuss three identifiable Puyo-Koguryoic loanwords in Jurchen-Manchu, including their earliest known philological attestations in Korean Peninsular Literary Chinese sources and in the earliest Jurchen texts.
As I will demonstrate, these words were probably borrowed into Jurchen-Manchu from Puyo-Koguryoic languages in connection with the states of Koguryo or Parhae, or with earlier Puyo–Tungusic ethnolinguistic interactions in northern Korea and Manchuria.