The purpose of this paper is to discuss the Korean immigration policy of Manchuria, which was promoted with the aim of increasing the production of food from “Manchukuo” and the rural population problem of Korea in the background of the relocation of Japan’s labor force during the Asia Pacific War. In detail, we will consider the process of immigration promotion that is part of this policy, the truth of the content of the promotion, and the problems and solutions that have emerged from the immigration plan.
The Government-General of Chosen has begun to actively emphasize the “good image of Manchuria” for immigrants by introducing the lives of immigrants in Manchuria and holding lectures and roundtable discussions in order to change their awareness of the Manchurian region. In addition, by comparing the propaganda of Korean Manchurian immigrant activities with the real life after immigration, it can be confirmed that there is a big difference from propaganda in terms of cultivated land area, agricultural income, and medical hygiene. Korean farmers moved to Manchuria through immigration propaganda by the Government-General of Chosen were deprived of their livelihoods as the tenant farmer of SenMan Development Company and their lives continued to be poor. This shows that the immigration promotion of the Government-General of Chosen was “over-promotion” and was a discriminatory response.
As mentioned above, it was clarified in this study that the immigration policy of the Government-General of Chosen had a character as a labor plunder in rural Korea as part of the labor relocation within the Japanese.
本稿の目的は、アジア太平洋戦争期日本の労働力再配置という背景の中で、朝鮮の農村人口問題と「満洲国」からの食糧増産を目的として進行した朝鮮人満洲移民政策を検討する。詳しくは、この政策の一環である移民宣伝の過程や宣伝内容の真偽、そして移民計画によって現れた問題点と解決策を考察することである。
朝鮮総督府は満洲地域に対する認識を改めるため、満洲内の移民の暮らしを紹介し、講演会や座談会などを開催して移民に対する「良い満洲像」を積極的に強調し始めた。また、朝鮮人満洲移民活動の宣伝と移民した後の実生活を比較し、移住生活と密接な関係がある耕地面積、農作収入、医療衛生状況において宣伝とは大きな懸隔があったことが確認できた。朝鮮人農民は朝鮮総督府の移民宣伝を通じて、満洲地域に移住したが、鮮満拓殖の小作農として収奪され、生活は窮乏の一途を辿った。これは、朝鮮総督府の移民宣伝が「過大宣伝」であり、差別的な対応であったことを示している。
以上のように、朝鮮総督府の移民政策は、日本帝国内の労働力再配置の一環として、朝鮮農村における労働力収奪として性格を持っていたということが本研究の中で明らかとなった。