This study investigated the phenomenon of bubble formation due to the plasma generated by pulsed laserirradiation in a liquid environment and its effect. Pulsed laser irradiation led to a rapid increase in thetemperature and pressure of the liquid, resulting in plasma expansion and adiabatic cooling. As the pressureincreased, the shock waves propagated and formed cavitation bubbles, leading to material fragmentation. Thepulse repetition rate of the laser had a significant impact on the bubble generation and processing quality. Alower repetition rate reduced interference with bubbles and improved processing quality, whereas a higherrepetition rate degraded the processing quality owing to interference. Experimental results indicated that arepetition rate of 500 kHz exhibited the most optimal processing quality. These findings can contribute to thedevelopment and improvement of laser processing technology for liquids and provide efficient methods formaterial removal. Additionally, understanding plasma and bubble interactions can optimize material processingand lead to industrial applications.