With the increasing number of patients suff ering from central nervous system (CNS) diseases, there is a pressing demand to acquire dependable diagnostic tools in the early stage alongside the need for an eff ective plan of delivering therapeutic agents into the brain. However, owing to the complexity of the brain’s biological nature, the existing treatment strategies are insuffi cient to halt the CNS disease’s progression even to detect it in the early stage. Utilization of exosome is considered to tackle the problem because exosomes have received a massive spotlight as a brand-new generation of natural nanoscale in drug delivery due to their vital role in pathogenesis, specifi cally in the CNS. In addition, integrating nanomaterials with exosome capabilities could further alleviate the problem and increase the effi ciency of disease diagnosis and treatment.
Hence, this review discusses the effi cacy of exosome and nanomaterial approaches to overcome the present constraints in diagnosis and therapy of CNS diseases. We anticipate that the contents introduced in this review will be valuable in develop- ing biosensors for CNS diseases soon.