[표제지 등]
제출문
요약문
SUMMARY
List of Table
List of Figure
칼라
목차
제1장 서론 35
제2장 조사방법 37
제1절 기존자료조사 및 현장 조사 37
제2절 시료처리 및 분석방법 43
제3장 오염물질의 부하량산정 51
제1절 육상기인 오염원 52
제2절 황해의 대기오염물질과 해양오염 64
제4장 황해외해역의 오염조사 69
제5장 황해중남부해역 오염조사 179
제6장 황해의 환경용량 산정 195
제1절 환경용량 산정 방법 197
제2절 결과 및 고찰 204
제7장 황해의 1차생산성 231
제8장 황해의 연안오염조사 253
제9장 황해환경보전을 위한 대책 267
제1절 중국과의 공동관측망 구성 준비 267
제2절 황해의 모니터링 체계 및 환경평가제도 271
제10장 결론 및 제언 277
참고문헌 285
[title page etc.]
Contents
Chapter 1. Introduction 35
Chapter 2. Materials and methods 37
2-1. Field and existing data survey 37
2-2. Sampling and analytical methods 43
Chapter 3. Pollutants load to the Yellow Sea. 51
3-1. Land based pollutant sources 52
3-2. Deposition of pollutants from atmosphere 64
Chapter 4. Marine pollution in the offshore area of the Yellow Sea 69
Chapter 5. Marine pollution in the mid-eastern part of the Yellow Sea 179
Chapter 6. Environmental capacity of the Yellow Sea 195
Chapter 7. Primary productivity in the Yellow Sea 231
Chapter 8. Pollution of the Kum River and its Estuary 253
Chapter 9. Pollution monitoring strategy and assessment technique of the Yellow Sea 267
Chapter 10. Conclusion 277
References 285
Table 3-1. Treatment of industrial wastewaters in China. 54
Table 3-2. The Input Amount of Pollutants to the Sea(T/A) 56
Table 3-3. Changes of Inorganic Nitrogen of seawater in Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea(μg/L) 58
Table 3-4. Concentrations of Pollutants in Marine organisms of Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea(㎎/㎏) 59
Table 3-5. Changes over The Years In The Number Of Species(Speices) Of The Macro-invertebrates in The Intertidal Zone Of Kiaochow Bay near Qindao 60
Table 3-6. Atmospheric deposition of inorganic nutrients at the mid-western coast of Korean Peninsula. 67
Table 4-1. Distribution of general water quality parameters in the Yellow Sea in April 1994. 70
Table 4-2. Distribution of nutrients and chlorophyll in the Yellow Sea in April 1994. 87
Table 4-3. Distribution of organic materials in the seawater in the Yellow Sea i n April 1994. 150
Table 4-4. Distribution of heavy metals and hydrocarbons in the surface waters of the Yellow Sea in April 1994. 154
Table 4-5. Distribution of organic materials in the surface sediments of the Yellow Sea in April 1994. 156
Table 4-6. Distribution of heavy metals in the surface sediments of the Yellow Sea in April 1994. 160
Table 4-7. Distribution of PAHs in the surface sediments of the Yellow Sea in April 1994. 163
Table 4-8. Distribution of organochlorine pesticides in the surface sediments of the Yellow Sea in April 1994. 166
Table 4-9. Sedimentation rates measured by Pb-210 in the Yellow Sea in April 1994. 171
Table 4-10. Distribution of heavy metals in the sediment core samples of St. 18. 172
Table 4-11. Distribution of PAHs in the sediment core samples of St. 18. 173
Table 5-1. Distribution of general water quality parameters in the Yellow Sea in June 1994. 181
Table 5-2. Distribution of nutrients and chlorophyll in the Yellow Sea in June 1994. 185
Table 5-3. Distribution of POC and PON in the Yellow Sea in June 1994. 190
Table 5-4. Distribution of heavy metals in the surface waters of the Yellow Sea in June 1994. 192
Table 5-5. Distribution of organic materials in the surface sediments of the Yellow Sea in June 1994. 193
Table 6-1. Initial and boundary values of model compartments. 227
Table 6-2. Flow rates and pollutant loads of rivers flowing into model area. 228
Table 6-3. Pollutant loads of seven rivers used in ecosystem model for the estimation of environmental capacity in Yellow Sea. 229
Table 7-1. Nitrate transport rate(pNO₃ μM h-1) biomass specific nitrate uptake rate(VNo₃), ammonia transport rate(pNH₄ μM h-1), biomass specific ammonia uptake(VNH₄), and f-ratio in the southern part of the Yellow Sea in April 1994(이미지참조). 243
Table 7-2. The station and depth of sampling, f-ratio and standard deviation in the southern part of the Yellow Sea in April 1994. 244
Table 7-3. The depth of euphotic layer, vertically integrated new production, regenerated production and f-ratio in the southern part of the Yellow Sea in April 1994. 246
Table 8-1. Distribution of general water quality parameters in the Kum River in May 1994. 254
Table 8-2. Distribution of general water quality parameters in the Kum River Estuary in May 1994. 256
Table 8-3. Distribution of nutrients and chlorophyll in the Kum River Estuary in May 1994. 257
Table 8-4. Distribution of organic materials and heavy metals of the Kum River Estuary in May 1994. 259
Table 8-5. Distribution of organic materials in the surface sediments of the Kum River Estuary in May 1994 260
Table 8-6. Distribution of heavy metals in the surface sediments of the Kum River Estuary in May 1994. 261
Table 8-7. Distribution of heavy metals in the surface waters of Mokpo area in February 1994. 262
Table 8-8. Distribution of heavy metals in the surface sediments of Mokpo area in February 1994. 263
Fig.2-1. Sampling stations of the Yellow Sea in April 1994. 38
Fig.2-2. Sampling stations of the Yellow Sea in June 1994. 39
Fig.2-3. Sampling stations of Kum River in 1994. 40
Fig.2-4. Sampling stations of Kum River estuary in 1994. 41
Fig.2-5. Sampling stations of Mokpo area in 1994. 42
Fig.4-1. Vertical distribution of temperature of Section A in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (℃). 74
Fig.4-2. Vertical distribution of Salinity of Section A in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (l/M). 75
Fig.4-3. Vertical distribution of DO of Section A in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (㎎/l). 76
Fig.4-4. Vertical distribution of COD of Section A in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (㎎/l). 77
Fig.4-5. Vertical distribution of TSS of Section A in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (㎎/l). 79
Fig.4-6. Vertical distribution of VSS of Section A in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (㎎/l). 80
Fig.4-7. Vertical distribution of ammonia of Section A in the Yellow Sea i n April 1994 (μM). 81
Fig.4-8. Vertical distribution of nitrate of Section A in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (μM). 82
Fig.4-9. Vertical distribution of nitrite of Section A in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (μM). 83
Fig.4-10. Vertical distribution of phosphate of Section A in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (μM). 84
Fig.4-11. Vertical distribution of silicate of Section A in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (μM). 85
Fig.4-12. Vertical distribution of chlorophyll a of Section A in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (㎍/l). 91
Fig.4-13. Vertical distribution of POC of Section A in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (㎍/l). 92
Fig.4-14. Vertical distribution of PON of Section A in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (㎍/l). 93
Fig.4-15. Vertical distribution of temperature of Section B in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (˚C). 94
Fig.4-16. Vertical distribution of Salinity of Section B in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (l/M). 95
Fig.4-17. Vertical distribution of DO of Section B in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (㎎/l). 96
Fig.4-18. Vertical distribution of COD of Section B in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (㎎/l). 97
Fig.4-19. Vertical distribution of TSS of Section B in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (㎎/l). 98
Fig.4-20. Vertical distribution of VSS of Section B in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (㎎/l). 99
Fig.4-21. Vertical distribution of ammonia of Section B in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (μM). 100
Fig.4-22. Vertical distribution of nitrate of Section B in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (μM). 102
Fig.4-23. Vertical distribution of nitrite of Section B in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (μM). 103
Fig.4-24. Vertical distribution of phosphate of Section B in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (μM). 104
Fig.4-25. Vertical distribution of silicate of Section B in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (μM). 105
Fig.4-26. Vertical distribution of chlorophyll a of Section B in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (㎍/l). 106
Fig.4-27. Vertical distribution of POC of Section B in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (㎍/l). 107
Fig.4-28. Vertical distribution of PON of Section B in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (㎍/l). 108
Fig.4-29. Vertical distribution of temperature of Section C in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (˚C). 109
Fig.4-30. Vertical distribution of Salinity of Section C in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (l/M). 111
Fig.4-31. Vertical distribution of DO of Section C in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (㎎/l). 112
Fig.4-32. Vertical distribution of COD of Section C in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (㎎/l). 113
Fig.4-33. Vertical distribution of TSS of Section C in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (㎎/l). 114
Fig.4-34. Vertical distribution of VSS of Section C in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (㎎/l). 115
Fig.4-35. Vertical distribution of ammonia of Section C in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (μM). 116
Fig.4-36. Vertical distribution of nitrate of Section C in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (μM). 117
Fig.4-37. Vertical distribution of nitrite of Section C in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (μM). 118
Fig.4-38. Vertical distribution of phosphate of Section C in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (μM). 119
Fig.4-39. Vertical distribution of silicate of Section C in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (μM). 120
Fig.4-40. Vertical distribution of chlorophyll a of Section C in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (㎍/l). 121
Fig.4-41. Vertical distribution of POC of Section C in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (㎍/l). 123
Fig.4-42. Vertical distribution of PON of Section C in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (㎍/l). 124
Fig.4-43. Vertical distribution of temperature of Section D in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (˚C). 125
Fig.4-44. Vertical distribution of Salinity of Section D in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (l/M). 126
Fig.4-45. Vertical distribution of DO of Section D in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (㎎/l). 127
Fig.4-46. Vertical distribution of COD of Section D in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (㎎/l). 128
Fig.4-47. Vertical distribution of TSS of Section D in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (㎎/l). 129
Fig.4-48. Vertical distribution of VSS of Section D in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (㎎/l). 130
Fig.4-49. Vertical distribution of ammonia of Section D in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (μM). 131
Fig.4-50. Vertical distribution of nitrate of Section D in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (μM). 133
Fig.4-51. Vertical distribution of nitrite of Section D in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (μM). 134
Fig.4-52. Vertical distribution of phosphate of Section D in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (μM). 135
Fig.4-53. Vertical distribution of silicate of Section D in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (μM). 136
Fig.4-54. Vertical distribution of chlorophyll a of Section D in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (㎍/l). 137
Fig.4-55. Vertical distribution of POC of Section D in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (㎍/l). 138
Fig.4-56. Vertical distribution of PON of Section D in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (㎍/l). 139
Fig.4-57. Distribution of COD on the T-S diagram in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (㎎/l). 141
Fig.4-58. Distribution of TSS on the T-S diagram in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (㎎/l). 142
Fig.4-59. Distribution of phosphate on the T-S diagram in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (μM). 143
Fig.4-60. Distribution of POC on the T-S diagram in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (㎍/l). 144
Fig.4-61. Distribution of Cd and Pb in the surface waters of the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (㎍/l). 146
Fig.4-62. Distribution of Cu and Zn in the surface waters of the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (㎍/l). 147
Fig.4-63. Distribution of As, Ni and Co in the surface waters of the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (㎍/l). 148
Fig.4-64. Distribution of hydrocarbons in the surface waters in the Yellow Sea i n April 1994 (㎍/l). 149
Fig.4-65. Distribution of COD, organic carbon amd organic nitrogen of surface sediments in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (㎎/㎏ dry wt.). 157
Fig.4-66. Distribution of Cd, Cu and Pb of surface sediments in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (㎎/㎏ dry wt.). 161
Fig.4-67. Distribution of Cr, Mn and Zn of surface sediments in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (㎎/㎏ dry wt.). 162
Fig.4-68a. Distribution of PAHs of surface sediments in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (ng/g dry wt.). 164
Fig.4-68b. Distribution of PAHs of surface sediments in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (ng/g dry wt.). (continued) 165
Fig.4-69a. Distribution of organochlorine pesticides of surface sediments in the Yellow Sea in April 1994. (ng/g dry wt.). 167
Fig.4-69b. Distribution of organochlorine pesticides of surface sediments in the Yellow Sea in April 1994 (ng/g dry wt.). (continued) 168
Fig.4-70. Vertical distribution of Cu and Pb in the sediment core of St. 18 in the Yellow Sea (㎎/㎏ dry wt.). 174
Fig.4-71. Vertical distribution of Zn and Cr in the sediment core of St. 18 in the Yellow Sea (㎎/㎏ dry wt.). 175
Fig.4-72. Vertical distribution of Cd in the sediment core of St. 18 in the Yellow Sea (㎎/㎏ dry wt.). 176
Fig.4-73. Vertical distribution of Co and Ni in the sediment core of St. 18 in the Yellow Sea (㎎/㎏ dry wt.). 177
Fig.4-74. Vertical distribution of PAHs in the sediment core of St. 18 in the Yellow Sea (ng/g dry wt.). 178
Fig.5-1. Distribution of DO, COD, TSS and VSS in the surface waters in the Yellow Sea in June 1994, 180
Fig.5-2. Distribution of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in the surface waters in the Yellow Sea in June 1994(㎍/l). 188
Fig.5-3. Distribution of COD, organic carbon amd organic nitrogen of surface sediments in the Yellow Sea in June 1994(㎎/㎏ dry wt.). 194
Fig.6-1. The basic model system. 198
Fig.6-2. Coordinate system in three-dimensional model. 199
Fig.6-3. Schematic diagram for material cycle system. 201
Fig.6-4. Finite-difference grid of the three-dimensional model. 205
Fig.6-5a. Computed M₂ tidal chart from the three-dimensional model (Amplitude). 207
Fig.6-5b. Computed M₂ tidal chart from the three-dimensional model (Phase). 208
Fig.6-6a. Computed residual currents from the three-dimensional model(Surface level). 209
Fig.6-6b. Computed residual currents from the three-dimensional model(Middle level). 210
Fig.6-6c. Computed residual currents from the three-dimensional model(Bottom level). 211
Fig.6-7. Finite difference grid of three-dimensional Yellow Sea model 212
Fig.6-8a. Computed M₂ tidal chart from the three-dimensional Yellow Sea model(Amplitude). 214
Fig.6-8b. Computed M₂ tidal chart from the three-dimensional Yellow Sea model(Phase). 215
Fig.6-9a. Computed residual currents from the three-dimensional Yellow Sea model(Surface level). 216
Fig.6-9b. Computed residual currents from the three-dimensional Yellow Sea model(Middle level). 217
Fig.6-9c. Computed residual currents from the three-dimensional Yellow Sea model(Bottom level). 218
Fig.6-10a. The distribution of Dissolved Oxygen simulated under the present condition of pollutant loads from 7 rivers shown on table 6-3(Surface level) 220
Fig.6-10b. The distribution of Dissolved Oxygen simulated under the present condition of pollutant loads from 7 rivers shown on table 6-3(Middle level). 221
Fig.6-10c. The distribution of Dissolved Oxygen simulated under the present condition of pollutant loads from 7 rivers shown on table 6-3(Bottom level). 222
Fig.6-11a. The distribution of Dissolved Oxygen simulated under the condition of pollutant loads shown on table 6-4(Surface level). 224
Fig.6-11b. The distribution of Dissolved Oxygen simulated under the condition of pollutant loads shown on table 6-4(Middle level). 225
Fig.6-11c. The distribution of Dissolved Oxygen simulated under the condition of pollutant loads shown on table 6-4(Bottom level). 226
Fig.7-1. Vertical distribution of temperature(˚C), salinity(‰), and sigma-t and fluorescence at St. 01. 232
Fig.7-2. Vertical distribution of temperature(˚C), salinity(‰), and sigma-t and fluorescence at St. 06. 233
Fig.7-3. Vertical distribution of temperature(˚C), salinity(‰), and sigma-t and fluorescence at St.12. 234
Fig.7-4. Vertical distribution of temperature(˚C), salinity(‰), and sigma-t and fluorescence at St.17. 235
Fig.7-5. Vertical distribution of temperature(˚C), salinity(‰), and sigma-t and fluorescence at St. 5. 236
Fig.7-6. Vertical distribution of temperature(˚C), salinity(‰), and sigma-t and fluorescence at St. 5A. 237
Fig.7-7. Vertical distribution of nitrate and silicate at St0l, St06 and St17. St.12. 239
Fig.7-8. The relationship between DIN(total dissoIved inorganic nitrogen) and N:P ratio(a) and between nitrate and N:Si ratio(b). 241
Fig.7-9. Light intensity vs nitrate transport rate(pNO₃ μM h-1) and ammonia transport rate (pNH₄ μM h-1) at St. 01 a) 0m, b) 50m(이미지참조) 248
Fig.7-10. Light intensity vs nitrate transport rate(pNO₃ μM h-1) and ammonia transport rate(pNH₄ μM h-1) at St. 06 a) 0m, b) 30m(이미지참조) 249
Fig.7-11. Light intensity vs nitrate transport rate(pNO₃ μM h-1) and ammonia transport rate (pNH₄ μM h-1) at St. 12(이미지참조). 250
Fig.7-12. Light intensity vs nitrate transport rate(pNO₃ μM h-1) and ammonia transport rate(pNH₄ μM h-1) at St. 30 a) 0m, b) 30m(이미지참조) 251
Fig.8-1. Distribution of heavy metals in the surface sediments of Mokpo area in February 1994(㎎/㎏ dry wt.). 264