목차
[표제지 등]=0,1,2
요약문=i,3,4
목차=v,7,3
The List Of Tables=viii,10,3
The List Of Figures=xi,13,2
Abstract=xiii,15,3
I. 서론=1,18,2
II. 문헌 고찰=3,20,1
1. PCBs 개요=3,20,1
가. PCBs의 정의=3,20,1
나. Coplanar PCBs의 물리ㆍ화학적 특성=4,21,3
다. PCBs의 용도=6,23,1
라. PCBs의 독성=6,23,3
2. 폴리염화비페닐의 배출원 및 배출량=9,26,1
가. 배출원=9,26,2
나. 발생량=11,28,2
3. 주요 배출원별 폴리염화비페닐의 생성메커니즘=13,30,1
가. 상업적 제품 PCBs=13,30,1
나. 폐수 배출시설에서의 PCBs 생성메커니즘=14,31,10
4. 주요 배출원별 배출특성=24,41,1
가. 상업적으로 생산된 PCBs 제품=24,41,2
나. 주요 배출원=25,42,14
5. 각 국의 PCBs 규제기준=39,56,1
가. 미국=39,56,4
나. 일본=43,60,2
다. 독일=45,62,1
라. 한국=45,62,2
6. 폐수시료의 국내ㆍ외 PCBs 분석방법 검토=47,64,1
가. 개요=47,64,1
나. 국내 환경오염공정시험방법=47,64,5
다. 미국 환경청의 수질시료 PCBs 분석방법=51,68,5
라. 일본공업규격=56,73,2
III. 연구내용 및 방법=58,75,1
1. 연구대상시설=58,75,3
2. 연구내용=61,78,1
가. 문헌조사=61,78,1
나. 국내 주요 폐수배출시설의 배출특성 조사=61,78,1
다. 폐수 중 Coplanar PCBs 분석방법 확립=61,78,1
3. 연구방법=62,79,1
가. 시료채취=62,79,1
나. 분석방법=62,79,5
IV. 결과 및 고찰=67,84,1
1. 배출원별 PCBs 농도=67,84,10
2. 배출원별 Coplanar PCBs 배출특성=77,94,1
가. 유입수=77,94,1
나. 방류수=77,94,3
다. 슬러지=80,97,5
라. Coplanar PCBs의 분배 및 처리효율=84,101,7
마. Coplanar PCBs의 폐수 지문=91,108,10
3. 배출원별 Coplanar PCBs 물질수지=101,118,7
4. PCBs 측정분석방법 검토=108,125,10
V. 결론=118,135,3
VI. 참고문헌=121,138,10
부록=131,148,8
Table 1. Physico-Chemical Properties Of Coplanar PCBs=4,21,2
Table 2. Physico-Chemical Properties Of Commercial PCBs=6,23,1
Table 3. Commercial PCBs Of Many Countries=7,24,1
Table 4. Cancer Classification Of IARC=8,25,1
Table 5. Releases To Water Of PCBs=10,27,1
Table 6. Residual Status Of Coplanar PCBs=11,28,1
Table 7. Releases Of PCBs Reported In TRI (1988-1996)=12,29,1
Table 8. Sewage Sludge Disposed Of Annually POTWs And Potential Coplanar PCBs Releases=12,29,1
Table 9. Percentage Contribution To The Total Coplanar PCBs In Aroclor=24,41,1
Table 10. Concentrations Of ∑PCBs In Sludges From Various WWTP=26,43,1
Table 11. PCBs Congeners Distribution In Different Phases Of Influent In Paris=27,44,1
Table 12. PCBs Congeners Distribution In SWTP In Paris=27,44,1
Table 13. TEQ For PCDDs/PCDFs And Non-Ortho PCBs Using WHO-TEFs=28,45,1
Table 14. Percent Removal Of PCBs In WWTP=30,47,1
Table 15. Average Concentrations Of PCB Congeners In WWTP(Quebac, Canada)=33,50,1
Table 16. Coplanar PCBs Concentrations In Scrubbing Water Of MSWI=34,51,1
Table 17. Percentage Of Coplanar PCBs Congeners In Influent, Effluent And Process Water Of Chemical Plants=35,52,1
Table 18. Regulations And Guidelines Applicable To PCBs=42,59,1
Table 19. Effluent Standard Of Dioxins(Including Coplanar PCBs) In Japan=44,61,1
Table 20. Regulation Of PCBs In Korea=46,63,1
Table 21. The Process Of Target Facilities=58,75,1
Table 22. The Process Of Wastewater Treatment=59,76,1
Table 23. Labeled PCBs Standards Used In This Studied=63,80,1
Table 24. HRGC/HRMS Analytical Condition=63,80,1
Table 25. Summary Of Coplanar PCB Concentrations From Facilities To Be Studied=68,85,1
Table 26. Influent Total Concentration Of Coplanar PCBs Congeners In WWTP Facilities=69,86,1
Table 27. Influent TEQ Concentration Of Coplanar PCBs Congeners In WWTP Facilities=69,86,1
Table 28. Influent Total Concentration Of Coplanar PCBs Congeners In Incineration Facilities=70,87,1
Table 29. Influent TEQ Concentration Of Coplanar PCBs Congeners In Incineration Facilities=70,87,1
Table 30. Influent Total Concentration Of Coplanar PCBs Congeners In Pulp & Paper Facilities=71,88,1
Table 31. Influent TEQ Concentration Of Coplanar PCBs Congeners In Pulp & Paper Facilities=71,88,1
Table 32. Influent Total Concentration Of Coplanar PCBs Congeners In Chemical Facility=72,89,1
Table 33. Influent TEQ Concentrations Of Coplanar PCBs Congeners In Chemical Facility=72,89,1
Table 34. Influent Total Concentrations Of Coplanar PCBs Congeners In PPsticide Facilities=73,90,1
Table 35. Influent TEQ Concentrations Of Coplanar PCBs Congeners In Pesticide Facilities=73,90,1
Table 36. Effluent Total Concentrations Of Coplanar PCBs Congeners=74,91,1
Table 37. Effluent TEQ Concentrations Of Coplanar PCBs Congeners=75,92,1
Table 38. Total Concentrations Of Coplanar PCBs Congeners In Sludge=76,93,1
Table 39. TEQ Concentrations Of Coplanar PCBs Congeners In Sludge=76,93,1
Table 40. Percentage(%) Of Coplanar PCBs Congeners In Influent Of Facilities And A Commercial Mixture Of PCBs(Aroclors)=78,95,1
Table 41. Percentage (%) Of Coplanar PCBs Congeners In Effluent Of Facilities And A Commercial Mixture Of PCBs (Aroclors)=79,96,1
Table 42. Percentage(%) Of Coplanar PCBs Congeners In Sludge Of Facilities And A Commercial Mixture Of PCBs (Aroclors)=80,97,1
Table 43. Distribution Of Coplanar PCBs In Influent Of Facilities=86,103,1
Table 44. Removal Efficiency (%) Of Coplanar PCBs Congeners In Total Treatment Of Facilities=87,104,1
Table 45. Mass Balance From Facilities To Be Studied=102,119,1
Table 46. Summary Data Of Coplanar PCBs Concentration At The WWTP=103,120,1
Table 47. Summary Data Of Coplanar-PCBs Concentration At The Pulp & Paper Facilities=104,121,1
Table 48. Summary Data Of Coplanar-PCBs Concentration At The Pesticide Facilies=105,122,1
Table 49. Summary Data Of Coplanar-PCBs Concentration At The Chemical Facilies=106,123,1
Table 50. The Treatment Status Of Organic Sludge In Waste=107,124,1
Table 51. MultipIe Clean-Up Methods Applied In This Studied=108,125,1
Table 52. HPLC Conditions For The Separation Of PCBs=110,127,1
Table 53. MDL For 19 PCB Congeners In Water=111,128,1
Figure 1. Structure Of PCBs=3,20,1
Figure 2. Diagram Of The Fate, Transport, And Transfer Relationships For The Effluent Discharge Source Category=9,26,1
Figure 3. Residual Concentrations Of Coplanar PCBs In Korea=11,28,1
Figure 4. Chemical Suggested As The Terminal Group Of Lignin=15,32,1
Figure 5. Process Of Synthesizing EDC And PVC=17,34,1
Figure 6. Agrochemicals=19,36,1
Figure 7. Process Of Synthesizing Agrochemicals=20,37,1
Figure 8. Process Synthesizing Permethrine(PM) And Cypermethrine(CM)=21,38,1
Figure 9. Process Of Synthesizing Azo Dye=22,39,1
Figure 10. Process Of Synthesizing Phthalocyanines=23,40,1
Figure 11. Congener Profiles Of Coplanar PCBs(Up) And Indicator PCBs(Down) In Sewage Sludge=32,49,1
Figure 12. Congener Profile Of The Coplanar PCBs In Scrubbing Water Of MSWI=34,51,1
Figure 13. Congener Profile Of The Coplanar PCBs In PCP And Aroclor=37,54,1
Figure 14. The Correlation Of PCDDs/PCDFs Vs. Coplanar PCBs=38,55,1
Figure 15. Connection Of PCBs Standards In Japan=43,60,1
Figure 16. PCBs Analytical Flowchart Of KSTM For Water=48,65,1
Figure 17. PCBs Analytical Flowchart Of KSTM For Waste(Extract)=49,66,1
Figure 18. PCBs Analytical Flowchart Of KSTM For Liquid Waste=50,67,1
Figure 19. PCBs Analytical Flowchart Of KSTM For EDCs=51,68,1
Figure 20. US EPA Method 608 Analytical Flowchart=52,69,1
Figure 21. US EPA Method 8082 Analytical Flowchart=53,70,1
Figure 22. US EPA Method 1668A Analytical Flowchart=55,72,1
Figure 23. JIS K0312 Analytical Flowchart=57,74,1
Figure 24. Analytical Flowchart(Process Water And Influent)=64,81,1
Figure 25. Analytical Flowchart(Effluent)=65,82,1
Figure 26. Analytical Flowchart(Sludge)=66,83,1
Figure 27. Distribution Of Congeners Of Coplanar PCBs Between Filtrate And Particulate In Influent=88,105,3
Figure 28. Congener Profile Of Coplanar PCBs=92,109,9
Figure 29. Mass Balance Of WWTP=103,120,1
Figure 30. Mass Balance Of Pulp Facilities=104,121,1
Figure 31. Mass Balance Of Pesticide Facilities=105,122,1
Figure 32. Mass Balance Of Chemical Facilities=106,123,1
Figure 33. HRGC/HRMS Chromatograms Of Tetra-CBs In Effluents=112,129,2
Figure 34. HRGC/HRMS Chromatograms Of Penta-CBs In Effluents=114,131,2
Figure 35. HRGC/HRMS Chromatograms Of Hexa-CBs In Effluents=116,133,1
Figure 36. HRGC/HRMS Chromatograms Of Hepta-CBs In Effluents=117,134,1