표제지
목차
Abstract 8
Ⅰ. 서론 10
Ⅱ. 연구내용 및 방법 11
1. 현장시료 분석 11
가. 조사시설 선정 11
나. 시료분석 방법 11
2. 하수슬러지 처리기술의 환경성 분석 14
가. 하수슬러지 소화조 유ㆍ무의 환경부하 비교 14
나. 4가지 처리방법별 환경성 고려인자 15
(1) 탄화 15
(2) 소각 16
(3) 건조 17
(4) 고화 18
3. 하수슬러지 처리기술의 경제성 분석 19
가. 경제성 분석방법 이론 19
나. 하수슬러지 처리비용 분석을 위한 항목 및 조사방법 22
(1) 경제성 분석 범위 22
(2) 비용항목 산정방안 23
(3) 편익항목 산정방안 26
Ⅲ. 연구결과 및 고찰 27
1. 하수슬러지의 바이오가스화 현황 27
가. 하수슬러지 발생 및 처리량 조사 27
나. 하수슬러지에 대한 국내 처리기술 종류 및 현황조사 27
2. 현장시료 분석결과 29
가. 기초조사 29
나. 운영효율 30
다. 영향인자 33
라. 저해요인 35
3. 하수슬러지 처리기술의 환경성 분석결과 38
가. 처리시설 환경성 결과비교 38
(1) 소각시설 38
(2) 탄화시설 39
(3) 건조시설 40
(4) 고화시설 41
(5) 종합비교 42
4. 하수슬러지 처리기술의 경제성 분석결과 43
가. 경제성 분석의 가정 및 한계점 43
나. 비용ㆍ편익산정 44
(1) 운영비 44
(2) 편익 44
(3) 하수슬러지 투입량 대비 슬러지처리 총비용 항목(건설비 포함) 47
다. 하수슬러지 처리방법별 비용ㆍ편익 분석 49
(1) 소화시설 유ㆍ무시 경제성 비교 및 적정 처리량 도출 49
(2) 소화조 운영시 슬러지 처리방법별 경제성 비교분석 50
(3) 소화조 유ㆍ무시 슬러지 처리방법별 경제성 비교분석 51
Ⅳ. 결론 58
참고문헌 60
〈Table 1〉 Suveyed facilities. 11
〈Table 2〉 Environmental assessment parameters for four treatment processes. 15
〈Table 3〉 Comparison of economic analysis. 20
〈Table 4〉 Capacity of surveyed facilities 21
〈Table 5〉 Treatment methods and regional areas of surveyed facilities. 22
〈Table 6〉 The calculated measures of each cost items 25
〈Table 7〉 The installation cost of digester in 11 facilities 26
〈Table 8〉 Calculation method of benefit items 26
〈Table 9〉 Trend of sewage treatment 27
〈Table 10〉 Status of sewage sludge treatment facilities 28
〈Table 11〉 Capacity of sewage sludge digestion facilities 28
〈Table 12〉 Air emission results from incineration plants. 38
〈Table 13〉 Air emission results from carbonization plant - Plant G. 39
〈Table 14〉 Results of odor substances in drying palnt of sewage sludge 40
〈Table 15〉 Odour results from drying plant H, I. 41
〈Table 16〉 Odour results from solidification plant J. 42
〈Table 17〉 Comparison of costs for various sewage sludge treatment options (with Anaerobic digestion treatment). 45
〈Table 18〉 Comparison of basic costs for various sewage sludge treatment options (without Anaerobic digestion treatment). 46
〈Table 19〉 Possible capacity of sewage sludge facility using digester 50
〈Table 20〉 Comparison on costs of sludge treatment options for various treatment capacities 53
〈Figure 1〉 Schematic diagram of the analytical methodology. 14
〈Figure 2〉 Schematic diagram of the BOD measurement point. 15
〈Figure 3〉 Schematic diagram of carbonization process and the environmental assessment parameters. 16
〈Figure 4〉 Schematic diagram of incineration process and the environmental assessment parameters. 17
〈Figure 5〉 Schematic diagram of drying process and the environmental assessment parameters. 17
〈Figure 6〉 Schematic diagram of solidification process and the environmental assessment parameters. 18
〈Figure 7〉 Methodology of economic analysis. 19
〈Figure 8〉 Field research methods used in the economic analysis. 21
〈Figure 9〉 Range of economic analysis. 22
〈Figure 10〉 Items for economic analysis of sewage sludge item processing system the entire. 23
〈Figure 11〉 Characteristics of the input/output materials of the sewage sludge and sewage sludge/food waste co-digestion treatment plants (S1~S9: sewage sludge treatment plants; S-MIX1~S-MIX6: sewage sludge/food waste co-digestion plants). 29
〈Figure 12〉 C, H, O, N of the input/output materials of sewage sludge and sewage sludge/food waste co-digestion treatment plants (S1~S9: Sewage sludge treatment plants; S-MIX1~S-MIX6: sewage sludge/food waste co-digestion plants). 30
〈Figure 13〉 Digestion efficiency (VS basis) for sewage sludge and sewage sludge/food waste co-digestion treatment plants (S1~S9: sewage sludge treatment plants; S-MIX1~S-MIX6: sewage sludge/food waste co-digestion plants). 31
〈Figure 14〉 The theoretical methane productions for sewage sludge and sewage sludge/food waste co-digestion treatment facilities (S1~S9: sewage sludge treatment plants; S-MIX1~S-MIX6: sewage sludge/food waste co-digestion facilities). 32
〈Figure 15〉 CODcr results of sewage sludge and sewage sludge/food waste co-digestion treatment facilitiess (S1~S9: sewage sludge treatment plants; S-MIX1~S-MIX6: sewage sludge/food waste co-digestion facilities). 33
〈Figure 16〉 Carbohydrate/Protein/Fat contents in the input/output materials of sewage sludge and sewage sludge/food waste co-digestion treatment facilities (S1~S9: sewage sludge treatment plants; S-MIX1~S-MIX6: sewage sludge/food waste... 34
〈Figure 17〉 Various Volatile Fatty Acids (VFAs) in the input/output materials of sewage sludge and sewage sludge/food waste co-digestion treatment facilites (S1~S9: sewage sludge treatment plants; S-MIX1~S-MIX6: sewage sludge/food waste... 35
〈Figure 18〉 N-Hexanol in the input/output materials of sewage sludge and sewage sludge/food waste co-digestion treatment plants (S1~S9: sewage sludge treatment plants; S-MIX1~S-MIX6: sewage sludge/food waste co-digestion plants). 36
〈Figure 19〉 T-N and NH3-N in the input/output materials of sewage sludge and sewage sludge/food waste co-digestion treatment plants (S1~S9: Sewage sludge treatment plants; S-MIX1~S-MIX6: sewage sludge/food waste co-digestion plants). 37
〈Figure 20〉 Treatment costs vs amount sewage sludge added. 47
〈Figure 21〉 Anaerobic digestion treatment B/C ratio analysis (digestion efficiency of organic wastes = 45%). 49
〈Figure 22〉 Comparison of costs for sewage sludge treatment options. 52
〈Figure 23〉 Comparison of costs per tonnes for sewage sludge treatment options with/without anaerobic digestion treatment (hypothesis: digestion efficiency of organic wastes = 34.1 %, Moisture content of sludge = 97 %). 54
〈Figure 24〉 Comparison of costs per tonnes for sewage sludge treatment options with/without anaerobic digestion treatment (hypothesis: digestion efficiency of organic wastes = 45 %, moisture content of sludge = 97 %). 55
〈Figure 25〉 Comparison of costs per tonnes for sewage sludge treatment options with/without anaerobic digestion treatment (hypothesis: digestion efficiency of organic wastes = 45 %, moisture content of sludge = 95 %). 56
〈Figure 26〉 Comparison of costs per tonnes for sewage sludge treatment options with/without anaerobic digestion treatment (hypothesis: digestion efficiency of organic wastes = 45 %, moisture content of sludge = 93 %) 57