표제지
제출문
요약문
SUMMARY
Contents
목차
제1장 서론 23
제2장 디젤 입자상물질 제거장치의 개발 25
제1절 디젤 입자상물질 제거장치의 개발 목표 25
제2절 디젤 입자상물질 제거장치의 시스템 구성 개념 25
제3장 제어알고리즘 개발을 위한 실험 및 결과 분석 29
제1절 제어알고리즘 개발을 위한 실험 29
1. 엔진벤치에서의 실험 장치 29
2. 엔진벤치에서 사용되는 제어인자 측정용 센서의 사양 및 보정곡선 31
3. Bench Controller의 구성 31
제2절 Soot Loading에 대한 배압추정 알고리즘 36
1. 기본방정식 및 Soot Loading 예측개념 36
2. Soot Loading에 대한 엔진 Mapping 시험 및 분석 38
3. 압력손실계수에 의한 Soot Loading 이론 계산치와 실험 측정치 비교 46
제3절 잔류 Soot 최소화를 위한 최적재생 알고리즘 49
1. Soot 축적량에 따른 세라믹 필터내의 온도분포 49
2. 재생모드별 잔류 Soot량 측정 49
3. 최적 2차공기공급 모드 설정 53
제4장 수치해석적 고찰 59
제1절 CFD 유동 해석 59
제2절 재생 과정의 Simulation 60
1. 수학적 모델 68
2. 수치 해석 72
3. 모델 검증 73
4. 결과 및 토론 77
제5장 제어시스템 개발 91
제1절 제어시스템 개념 91
1. Particulate Trap System용 Simulator 91
2. ACTUATOR 전원 및 구동회로 92
제2절 실차용 Electronic Control System 97
1. ECU의 외부 배선 개념 97
2. ECU의 회로 개념 101
3. ECU의 연결되는 SENSOR 특성 103
4. ECU의 연결되는 Actuator 특성 107
제3절 ECU의 소프트웨어 알고리즘 111
1. ECU의 제어 Flow 111
2. 자가 진단 알고리즘 111
제4절 DIAGNOSTIC MONITOR 116
1. 하드웨어 116
2. 주요기능 118
제6장 요소 부품개발 119
제1절 Canister Unit 119
1. Canister 119
2. Heater 129
제2절 배기가스 유로변경 밸브 140
제3절 Blower Unit 140
제4절 Amplifier 내장형 열전대 센서 141
제7장 평가시험 153
제1절 엔진벤치에서의 평가시험 153
1. Soot Loading의 예측시험 153
2. ECU의 반복재생시험 153
제2절 가속내구시험 154
1. 가속내구시험기 개발 154
2. 요소부품에 대한 내구시험 154
제3절 실차시험 155
제8장 Particulate 및 Ash에 대한 분석 시험 165
제9장 결론 173
참고문헌 175
부록 177
부록 1. Data Acqusition Board[원문불량;p.176] 177
부록 2. Simulator용 Program 185
부록 3. Simulator용 D/A Converter Board 207
부록 4. Simulator용 Interface Board 215
부록 5. Bench Controller용 Program 219
부록 6. Bench Controller용 Power Drive Unit 237
부록 7. Bench Controller용 Low-pass Filter Unit 241
부록 8. Bench Controller용 F/V Converter Unit 245
부록 9. Bench Controller Mother Board 249
부록 10. System 및 요소부품 사진 251
Table 2-1. Dimensional Specifications of 100/17/EX-80(9"×12") 28
Table 2-2. Property Comparison of EX-47, EX-54, EX-66 vs. EX-80 28
Table 3-1. Specification of Test Engine 29
Table 4-1. Ceramic monolith filter(Corning, EX-47) 75
Table 4-2. Constants(used by Bissett) 75
Table 4-3. Regeneration Condition and Filter Size 76
Table 5-1. Calibration Table of ∆P Sensor 106
Table 5-2. DIAGNOSTIC ERROR CODES 115
Table 6-1. Recommended Gaps dor Various Basis Weights of XPE 121
Table 6-2. Pore Size & Porosity 121
Table 6-3. Cell Density 122
Table 6-4. List of Heating Element 129
Table 6-5. Physical & Mechanical Properties of FeCrAl Alloys 134
Table 6-6. Physical & Mechanical Properties of NiCrFe Alloys 135
Table 6-7. Relative Durability Values, FeCrAl and NiCrFe Alloys 136
Table 6-8. Maximum Permissible Temperature as a Function of Wire Size 136
Table 6-9. Data for KANTHAL AF Alloy 137
Table 7-1. Soot weight with the variation of engine condition 153
Table 7-2. Condition of the Endurance Test of the Parts 155
Table 7-3. Specification of Engine 155
Fig. 3-1. Schematic Diagram of Particulate Trap System 30
Fig. 3-2. Calibration Curve of Airflow Rate 32
Fig. 3-3. Calibration Curve & Equation of ∆P Sensor 33
Fig. 3-4. Calibration Curve & Equation of Thermocouple... 33
Fig. 3-5. Bench Controller Wiring diagram 34
Fig. 3-6. Dependence of Permeablity on Exhaust Gas Temperature 40
Fig. 3-7. Dependence of Permeablity on Intake Airflow Rate 40
Fig. 3-8. Pressure Loss coefficient with Exhaust Gas Temperature of 102℃ 41
Fig. 3-9. Pressure Loss coefficient with Exhaust Gas Temperature of 152℃ 41
Fig. 3-10. Pressure Loss coefficient with Exhaust Gas Temperature of 252℃ 42
Fig. 3-11. Pressure Loss coefficient with Exhaust Gas Temperature of 302℃ 42
Fig. 3-12. Pressure Loss coefficient with Exhaust Gas Temperature of 352℃ 43
Fig. 3-13. Pressure Loss coefficient with Exhaust Gas Temperature of 402 ℃ 43
Fig. 3-14. Pressure Loss coefficient with Exhaust Gas Temperature of 452 ℃ 44
Fig. 3-15. Pressure Loss coefficient with Exhaust Gas Temperature of 502 ℃ 44
Fig. 3-16. Slope of Pressure Loss Coefficient 45
Fig. 3-17. Intercept of Pressure Loss Coefficient 45
Fig. 3-18. Comparison of Measured and Calculated Pressure Losses... 47
Fig. 3-19. Comparison of Measured and Calculated Pressure Losses... 48
Fig. 3-20. Location of Thermocouples in Ceramic Filter 50
Fig. 3-21. Temperature Profile during Regeneration... 51
Fig. 3-22. Temperature Profile During Regeneration... 51
Fig. 3-23. Temperature Profile During Regeneration... 52
Fig. 3-24. Temperature Profile During Regeneration... 52
Fig. 3-25. Residual Mass depending on Secondary Air Supply Rate... 55
Fig. 3-26. Residual Mass depending on Secondary Air Supply Rate... 56
Fig. 3-27. Residual Mass depending on Secondary Air Supply Rate... 57
Fig. 4-1. Velocity Vector(Diffuser angle 15˚) 61
Fig. 4-2. Velocity Vector and velocity profile 61
Fig. 4-3. Velocity Vector 62
Fig. 4-4. Velocity profile on filter front 63
Fig. 4-5. Velocity Vector and profile 64
Fig. 4-6. Optimum condition of diffuser and cone 65
Fig. 4-7. Velocity Vector and profile 66
Fig. 4-8. Velocity Vector and profile 67
Fig. 4-9. Schematic diagram of one dimensional model 68
Fig. 4-10. Flow chart 74
Fig. 4-11. Axial distribution of wall temperature... 78
Fig. 4-12. Axial distribution of gas temperature... 78
Fig. 4-13. Axial distribution of particle layer thickness... 79
Fig. 4-14. Axial distribution of wall flow velocity... 79
Fig. 4-15. Axial distribution of pressure at selected times 80
Fig. 4-16. Transient behavior of pressure drop... 80
Fig. 4-17. Transient behavior of wall temperature 81
Fig. 4-18. Transient behavior of total mass of particulate... 81
Fig. 4-19. Transient behavior of maximum wall temperature 82
Fig. 4-20. Comparison with experimental results of... 83
Fig. 4-21. Comparison with experimental results of... 84
Fig. 4-22. Influence of soot load on maximum wall temperature 85
Fig. 4-23. Influence of soot load on regeneration time 85
Fig. 4-24. Influence of oxygen concentration on maximum... 86
Fig. 4-25. Influence of oxygen concentration... 86
Fig. 4-26. Influence of gas flow rate on maximum... 87
Fig. 4-27. Influence of gas flow rate on regeneration time 87
Fig. 4-28. Summary of results 88
Fig. 4-29. Summary of results 89
Fig. 5-1. DC/DC Converter circuit 93
Fig. 5-2. Actuator drive circuit 94
Fig. 5-3. Wiring diagram 95
Fig. 5-4. Micro processor concerning circuit(1) 98
Fig. 5-5. Micro processor concerning circuit(2) 99
Fig. 5-6. Micro processor concerning circuit(3) 100
Fig. 5-7. Thermocouple sensor output calibration curve 104
Fig. 5-8. Air-Flow sensor output calibration curve 105
Fig. 5-9. ∆P sensor output characteristic curve 105
Fig. 5-10. Drived wave at FET gate 108
Fig. 5-11. Drived wave at Drain & Source 109
Fig. 5-12. Duty ratio vs. Flow rate characteristic curve 110
Fig. 5-13. ECU System Flow Chart 112
Fig. 5-14. Main flow chart 113
Fig. 5-15. Sub flow chart 114
Fig. 5-16. Diagnostic Monitor System Circuit 117
Fig. 6-1. Expansion vs Temperature of Mat 120
Fig. 6-2. Gap and Gap Bulk Density 120
Fig. 6-3. Location of Thermocouple 123
Fig. 6-4. Canister Ass'y Drawing 124
Fig. 6-5. Detail Drawing of Front Part 125
Fig. 6-6. Detail Drawing of Heater Part 126
Fig. 6-7. Detail Drawing of Filter Part 127
Fig. 6-8. Detail Drawing of Rear Part 128
Fig. 6-9. TG-DTA Data for the Particulate Ignition Temperature 130
Fig. 6-10. DSC Data for the Particulate Ignition Temperature 131
Fig. 6-11. The Structure of Metal Sheathed Tubular Elements 138
Fig. 6-12. Detail Drawing of Heater Structure 142
Fig. 6-13. Layout of Canister used by Rotary Type Heating System 143
Fig. 6-14. Rotary Type Heating System 144
Fig. 6-15. Filter Temperature Profile During Regeneration Phase Ignited by Rotary Type 145
Fig. 6-16. Drawing of Diverter Valve Ass'y 146
Fig. 6-17. Drawing of Valve Body Part 147
Fig. 6-18. Detail Drawing of Cylinder & Valve Stem 148
Fig. 6-19. Detail Drawing of Valve Accessary 149
Fig. 6-20. Drawing of Blower Unit 150
Fig. 6-21. Circuit Diagram of Thermocouple Converter 151
Fig. 7-1. ECU Recycle Test 156
Fig. 7-2. ECU Recycle Test(Front Temperature of Filter) 157
Fig. 7-3. ECU Recycle Test(Rear Temperature of Filter) 158
Fig. 7-4. Temperature Profile of Regeneration in the Filter 159
Fig. 7-5. Block Diagram of Carbon Generator[원문불량;p.158] 160
Fig. 7-6. Test Vehicle(Boxer Truck/4.5Ton) 161
Fig. 7-7. Installed System Unit 161
Fig. 7-8. 5min after Regeneration Start 162
Fig. 7-9. 10min after Regeneration Start 162
Fig. 7-10. 15min after Regeneration Start 163
Fig. 7-11. 20min after Regeneration Start 163
Fig. 8-1. Composition of Particulate 167
Fig. 8-2. Composition of Ash 168
Fig. 8-3. SEM Photograph of Particulate 169
Fig. 8-4. SEM Photograph of Ash 170
Fig. 8-5. Particle Size and Distribution of Particulate 171