제1편 주 조 제1장 모형1. 모형용 재료 ························ 16 1-1 목재의 장점 ······································· 16 1-2 목재의 단점 ······································· 16 2. 목형용 목재 ························ 17 2-1 목재의 조직 및 수축 ························· 18 2-2 목재의 기계적 성질 ·························· 19 2-3 목재의 건조 ······································· 20 2-4 목재의 방부법 ··································· 22 2-5 목재의 선택 방법 ······························ 23 3. 목형용 보조 재료 ··················· 23 3-1 접착제와 결합제 ································ 23 3-2 도장 재료 ·········································· 24 4. 목형 제작 방법 ····················· 25 4-1 현도법 ················································ 25 4-2 목형 제작상의 유의 사항 ·················· 25 4-3 목형의 종류 ······································· 28 5. 목형 공작용 수공구 및 기계 ·········· 31 5-1 목형용 수공구 ··································· 31 5-2 목형용 기계 ······································· 34 6. 목형의 조립방법 ···················· 39 6-1 목재의 접착 ······································· 39 6-2 못나사 접착 ······································· 40 6-3 주먹 장부 맞춤과 잔형 ····················· 40 6-4 다월 맞춤 ·········································· 40제2장 주조1. 주물의 개요 ······················· 42 1-1 주물의 특징 ······································· 42 2. 모래 주형 재료 ····················· 43 2-1 모래 주형 재료 ································· 43 3. 주물사의 종류 ····················· 45 3-1 생형사 ················································ 45 3-2 건조사 ················································ 46 3-3 코어사 ················································ 46 3-4 분리사 ················································ 46 3-5 표면사 ················································ 47 3-6 도형재 ················································ 47 4. 주물사의 재생 처리법 ··············· 47 4-1 주물사의 노화현상 ···························· 47 4-2 주물사의 재생처리 ···························· 49 5. 주물사 처리용 기계 ················· 50 5-1 분쇄기 ················································ 50 5-2 혼사기 ················································ 51 5-3 자기 분리기 ······································· 51 5-4 투사기 ················································ 51 6. 주물사 시험법 ······················ 51 6-1 강도 시험법 ······································· 52 7. 주형용 공구 및 시설 ················ 56 7-1 주형용 공구 ······································· 56 7-2 주형용 수공구 ··································· 57 7-3 주형용 기계 ······································· 57 8. 주형 제작법 ······················· 59 8-1 주형 재료에 의한 분류 ····················· 60 8-2 주형법에 의한 분류 ·························· 60 9. 주조 방안 ························· 61 9-1 탕구계의 구성 ··································· 62 9-2 주입온도 및 주입시간 ······················· 65 9-3 압상력 ················································ 67 10. 주물 후처리 ······················ 68 10-1 주물의 해체 ····································· 68 10-2 주물의 청소 ····································· 68 11. 특수 주조법 ······················· 68 11-1 원심 주조법 ····································· 69 11-2 다이캐스팅 ······································· 69 11-3 셸 몰드법 ········································ 70 11-4 인베스트먼트법 ································ 71 11-5 연속 주조법 ····································· 72 11-6 이산화탄소법 ··································· 73 12. 주물의 결함과 검사법 ··············· 74 12-1 주물의 결함과 방지 방법 ················ 74 12-2 주물의 검사 ····································· 76제3장 용해와 용해로1. 용해로의 개요 ······················ 79 2. 용해로의 종류 ····················· 80 2-1 도가니로 ············································ 80 2-2 전로 ··················································· 81 2-3 평로 ··················································· 81 2-4 반사로 ················································ 82 2-5 전기로 ················································ 83 2-6 용선로 ················································ 85제4장 주물용 금속재료1. 주철의 개요 ······················· 88 2. 주철의 분류 ······················· 89 2-1 회주철 ················································ 89 2-2 고급 주철 ·········································· 89 2-3 구상 흑연주철 ··································· 91 2-4 가단주철 ············································ 91 2-5 합금 주철 ·········································· 93 2-6 냉경주물 ············································ 94 3. 주강 ····························· 94 3-1 보통주강 ············································ 95 3-2 합금주강(특수 주강) ·························· 95 4. 구리 합금 ························· 96 4-1 황동 ··················································· 96 4-2 청동 ··················································· 97 5. 알루미늄 합금 ····················· 97 6. 마그네슘 합금 ····················· 99제2편 소성가공 제1장 소성가공의 개론1. 소성가공의 개요 ··················· 102 1-1 소성변형 ·········································· 102 1-2 소성가공에 이용되는 재료의 성질 ·· 102 1-3 응력과 변형률 ································· 103 1-4 재결정 ············································· 104 1-5 열간가공과 냉간가공 ······················· 105 1-6 냉간가공 ·········································· 106 2. 소성가공의 종류 ··················· 108제2장 단조1. 단조의 개요 ······················· 110 2. 재료 가열법 ······················· 111 2-1 단조 온도 ········································ 111 2-2 가열로 ············································· 113 2-3 온도 측정 ········································ 114 3. 단조용 재료 ······················· 115 3-1 단련강 ············································· 115 3-2 탄소강 ············································· 115 3-3 특수강 ············································· 116 3-4 구리 합금 ········································ 116 3-5 경합금 ············································· 116 4. 단조용 공구 및 기계 ················ 117 4-1 단조용 공구 ····································· 117 4-2 단조 기계 ········································ 118 5. 단조작업 ························· 123 5-1 자유단조 ·········································· 123 5-2 형단조 ············································· 125제3장 압연1. 압연의 개요 ······················· 128 2. 압연 작용 ························ 129 2-1 압하율 ············································· 129 2-2 폭 증가 ············································ 129 2-3 접촉각 ············································· 130 3. 압연기의 종류 ····················· 130 4. 롤러 ···························· 133 4-1 롤러의 구조 ····································· 133 4-2 롤러의 재질 ····································· 134 5. 특수 압연기 ······················ 134 5-1 맨네스맨 압연기 ······························ 135 5-2 유니버설 압연기 ······························ 135 5-3 플러그 압연기 ································· 136 5-4 로터리 압연기 ································· 136 5-5 릴링 압연기 ····································· 136 6. 압연 작업 ························ 137 6-1 분괴압연 ·········································· 137 6-2 후판압연 ·········································· 139 6-3 형강 압연 ········································ 139제4장 인발가공1. 인발의 개요 ······················· 140 2. 인발의 분류 ······················ 140 2-1 봉재 인발 ········································ 140 2-2 관재 인발 ········································ 140 2-3 선재 인발 ········································ 141 2-4 롤러 다이법 ····································· 141 2-5 디프 드로잉 ····································· 142 3. 인발 조건 ························ 143 3-1 단면 감소율 ····································· 143 3-2 역장력 ············································· 143 3-3 인발속도 ·········································· 144 3-4 다이 각 ············································ 144 3-5 인발에서의 윤활 ······························ 145 4. 인발용 기계 ······················ 146 4-1 신선기 ············································· 146 4-2 인발기 ············································· 146 4-3 교정기 ············································· 147제5장 압출1. 압출의 개요 ······················· 148 2. 압출 방법 ························ 148 3. 압출기와 공구 ····················· 150 4. 압출압력과 윤활 ··················· 151제6장 제관1. 제관의 개요 ······················· 153제7장 프레스 가공1. 프레스 가공의 개요 ················· 155 2. 프레스 가공의 분류 ················ 155 3. 프레스 가공용 재료 ················ 156 3-1 철 금속 ············································ 156 3-2 구리 및 구리 합금 ·························· 156 3-3 알루미늄 및 알루미늄 합금 ············ 157 4. 프레스 가공용 기계 ················ 157 4-1 프레스의 분류 ································· 157 4-2 인력 프레스 ····································· 158 4-3 동력 프레스 ····································· 159 5. 전단가공 ························· 164 5-1 전단작용 및 전단각 ························ 164 5-2 전단가공 ·········································· 166 6. 굽힘가공 ························· 169 6-1 굽힘 변형 ········································ 169 6-2 최소 굽힘 반지름 ···························· 170 6-3 스프링 백 ········································ 171 6-4 굽힘 작업 ········································ 172 7. 드로잉 가공 ······················· 175 7-1 펀치의 곡률 반지름 ························ 175 7-2 다이의 곡률 반지름 ························ 176 7-3 펀치와 다이의 간격 ························ 176 7-4 드로잉 작업 ····································· 177제3편 용 접 제1장 용접 개론1. 용접의 개요 ······················ 180 1-1 용접의 원리 ····································· 180 1-2 용접법의 종류 ································· 180 1-3 용접법의 특징 ································· 182 2. 용접이음의 종류 ··················· 182 2-1 모재의 배치에 따른 종류 ················ 182 2-2 맞대기 용접 ····································· 183 2-3 필릿 용접 ········································ 183 2-4 플러그 용접 ····································· 184 2-5 덧살올림 용접 ································· 184 3. 용접 기호 ························ 184 3-1 용접부의 기호 ································· 184 3-2 용접부의 기호 표시방법 ················· 186 3-3 보조 기호 등의 기재방법 ················ 187제2장 피복아크 용접1. 피복아크 용접의 원리 ··············· 189 1-1 아크 용접 회로 ······························· 190 1-2 아크의 특성 ····································· 190 1-3 정전류 특성 ····································· 190 2. 용접기의 특성 ····················· 191 2-1 수하 특성 ········································ 191 2-2 정전압 특성, 상승특성 ··················· 191 2-3 극성 ················································· 191 2-4 자기쏠림 ·········································· 192 2-5 아크길이 ·········································· 192 2-6 용접입열 ·········································· 193 2-7 용융속도 ·········································· 193 2-8 용착 현상 ········································ 193 3. 아크용접 기기 ····················· 194 3-1 피복아크 용접기기 ·························· 194 4. 피복아크 용접봉 ··················· 197 4-1 피복제의 역할 ································· 197 4-2 피복 용접봉의 종류 ························ 198 4-3 용접봉 표시기호 ······························ 199 4-4 용접봉의 보관 ································· 199 4-5 용접 ················································· 200 5. 아크용접 결함의 종류 및 방지대책 ···· 202 5-1 용접 결함의 종류 ···························· 202 5-2 용접부의 결함과 방지대책 ·············· 202제3장 가스용접1. 가스용접의 원리 ··················· 204 1-1 가스 용접법 ····································· 204 2. 용접용 가스의 종류 ················ 205 2-1 수소 ················································· 205 2-2 LP가스 ············································ 205 2-3 산소 ················································· 206 2-4 아세틸렌 ·········································· 206 3. 산소-아세틸렌 불꽃 ··············· 208 3-1 불꽃의 구성 ····································· 208 3-2 불꽃의 종류 ····································· 208 4. 가스용접장치 ····················· 210 4-1 산소-아세틸렌 용접장치 ················ 210 4-2 산소용기 ·········································· 210 4-3 가스관 ············································· 211 4-4 아세틸렌가스 발생기 ······················· 211 4-5 압력 조정기 ····································· 212 4-6 안전기 ············································· 212 4-7 역류, 인화 및 역화 ························· 212 4-8 용접 토치 ········································ 213 5. 가스용접 재료 ····················· 214 5-1 가스 용접봉 ····································· 214 5-2 용제 ················································· 214제4장 전기저항 용접1. 전기저항 용접의 개요 ··············· 215 2. 전기저항 용접의 종류 ··············· 215 2-1 점 용접 ············································ 215 2-2 심 용접 ············································ 216 2-3 프로젝션 용접 ································· 217 2-4 업셋 용접 ········································ 217 2-5 플래시 용접 ····································· 218제5장 특수 아크용접1. 불활성가스 아크용접의 개요 ·········· 219 2. 불활성가스 텅스텐 아크용접 ········· 219 2-1 TIG 용접의 원리 ···························· 219 2-2 TIG 용접의 극성 ···························· 220 2-3 특징 ················································· 221 3. 불활성가스 금속 아크용접 ··········· 221 3-1 원리 ················································· 221 3-2 용접 장치 ········································ 222 3-3 특징 ················································· 222 4. 서브머지드 아크용접 ··············· 222 4-1 원리 ················································· 222 4-2 용접 장치 ········································ 223 4-3 특징 ················································· 223 4-4 용접용 재료 ····································· 224 5. 이산화탄소 아크용접 ··············· 225 5-1 이산화탄소 아크용접의 원리와 분류 ················· 225 5-2 용접 장치 ········································ 226 5-3 용접용 재료 ····································· 227제6장 그 밖의 특수 아크용접1. 플라스마 아크용접 ················· 228 1-1 원리 ················································· 228 1-2 특징 ················································· 228 2. 테르밋 용접 ······················ 229 2-1 원리 ················································· 229 2-2 분류 ················································· 230 2-3 특징 ················································· 230 3. 일렉트로 슬래그 용접 ·············· 230 3-1 원리 ················································· 230 3-2 특징 ················································· 231 4. 가스 압접법 ······················ 231 4-1 원리 ················································· 231 4-2 분류 ················································· 232 4-3 밀착 맞대기법에 있어서 압접성에 미치는 요인 ·················· 232 4-4 특징 ················································· 232 5. 전자빔 용접 ······················ 232 5-1 원리 ················································· 232 5-2 특징 ················································· 233 6. 마찰 용접 ························ 233 6-1 원리 ················································· 233 6-2 분류 ················································· 234 6-3 특징 ················································· 234 7. 플라스틱 용접 ···················· 235 7-1 열풍 용접 ········································ 235 7-2 열기구 용접 ····································· 235 7-3 플라스틱 마찰 용접 ························ 235 7-4 고주파 용접 ····································· 235 7-5 플라스틱 용접의 종류 ····················· 236 8. 아크 점용접법 ···················· 236 8-1 원리 ················································· 236 8-2 분류 ················································· 237 9. 냉간 압접 ························ 237 9-1 원리 ················································· 237 9-2 특징 ················································· 237제7장 납땜법1. 납땜법의 원리와 분류 ·············· 238 1-1 원리 ················································· 238 1-2 분류 ················································· 238 2. 납땜재 ·························· 238 2-1 연납 ················································· 238 2-2 경납 ················································· 239 2-3 알루미늄 납 ····································· 239 3. 용제 ···························· 239 4. 납땜법 ·························· 240제8장 용접 결함 제4편 열처리 제1장 강의 열처리1. 열처리의 개요 ····················· 244 2. 가열과 냉각방법 ··················· 245 2-1 가열방법 ·········································· 245 2-2 냉각방법 ·········································· 245 2-3 냉각방법의 3형태 ···························· 247제2장 열처리의 원리1. 금속원자의 구조 및 결합방법 ········ 249 1-1 면심입방격자 ··································· 250 1-2 조밀육방격자 ··································· 250 1-3 체심육방격자 ··································· 250 2. 순철의 변태 ······················ 251 3. 철-탄소 평형 상태도 ·············· 252 4. 강의 현미경 조직 ·················· 255 4-1 페라이트 ·········································· 255 4-2 시멘타이트 ······································· 255 4-3 펄라이트 ·········································· 255 4-4 오스테나이트 ··································· 256 4-5 마텐자이트 ······································· 256 4-6 트루스타이트 ··································· 257 4-7 소르바이트 ······································· 257제3장 열처리1. 담금질(소입) ······················ 258 1-1 담금질 온도 ····································· 258 1-2 마텐자이트 변태 ······························ 259 1-3 담금질 작업 ····································· 260 2. 풀림(소둔) ······················· 268 2-1 풀림 방법 ········································ 269 3. 불림(소준) ························ 271 3-1 불림의 방법 ····································· 271 4. 뜨임(소려) ························ 272 4-1 뜨임조직과 온도 ······························ 272 4-2 심랭 처리 ········································ 273 4-3 저온 뜨임 ········································ 274 4-4 고온 뜨임 ········································ 275 4-5 뜨임 경화 ········································ 275제4장 표면경화 열처리1. 표면경화의 개요 ··················· 276 2. 표면경화의 종류 ··················· 276 2-1 침탄법 ············································· 276 2-2 질화법 ············································· 277 2-3 청화법 ············································· 278 2-4 화염 경화법 ····································· 278 2-5 고주파 경화법 ································· 278 3. 금속 침투법 ······················ 279 3-1 크로마이징 ······································· 279 3-2 칼로라이징 ··············