영문목차
List of Figures and Tables=x
Map=xii
PART ONE. THEORETICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUNDS FOR DEMOCRATIZATION=1
1. The Democracy Project and the Development of Comparative Politics=1
The democracy trend and a new task for comparative politics=1
Democracy and comparative studies in the Cold War era=2
Comparative politics and regional studies of democratization=5
Studying democracy and democratization: conflicting views=8
Varieties of democracy and democratization=12
2. Historical Legacies of Regional Democratization=14
From empire to nation-state: impact on the 'lands between'=14
The concert of Europe and the idea of national liberation=16
The legacy of the interwar period: the triumph of ethnic nationalism over democracy=19
The evolution of communism in the Cold War=23
Post-Stalinist trends - development of statist pluralism, and the return of the past=26
What is the historical legacy? What is its impact for democratization?=38
PART TWO. THE EMERGING POLITICS OF THE NEW DEMOCRACIES=41
3. Conceptualizations of Transition: Early Dichotomies and Evolving Complexities=41
Unifying Europe=43
Joining the West European institutions=45
Why the variegated development in East-Central Europe?=51
Some reflections on changing concepts=62
4. Civil Society: Using the New Freedoms=64
Civil society in transition: from a parallel force under communism to a base for liberal democracy=65
Pluralistic civil society: collective versus individual rights=68
Essential characteristics of a liberal democratic civil society=69
Early gains in freedom=71
The criminal consequences of personal liberty=80
Lustration: pursuit of justice or political combat?=84
Post-communist civil society: winning citizen support for democracy=89
5. Concepts of Economic Restructuring=95
Changing conceptualizations of economic restructuring=95
The new normative framework: the Washington consensus=96
Sequencing of economic and political reforms=100
Gradualism versus shock therapy=101
Unrealized expectations=108
Labour, business and the state: emerging cleavages=111
Lessons learned from the economic transition=122
6. Interest Group Articulation in Post-Communism=125
The elderly: difficult times with limited prospects=130
The middle generations: opportunities for the skilled and the well connected=133
Youth: the early optimism has not been fully realized=136
Women: limited resources for real political activism=144
Minorities: ethnos, demos and democratization=152
Struggling to keep the environment on the political agenda=162
The newly poor - an underclass in post-communism?=166
Interest representation=167
7. Political Party Formation and Electoral Competition=169
Party formation: early expectations and new realities=169
Exit from communism, entry into uncharted territory=172
Agrarian parties: Hungary and Poland=177
Revival of the left successor parties=179
Liberalism: weaknesses and strengths=186
Disorder on the right=189
What's missing? Christian democracy - a modernized conservatism=193
Party system development for what kind of democracy?=197
8. Elites and Citizens: Elite Democracy and Citizen Participation=201
Postwar debates on elites, masses and stable democracies=201
Continuity of elites from communism to post-communism=202
Presidentialism and democratization=207
Elite consensus on democracy: possible ambiguities of commitment=212
Civil society or a cynical society?=215
Prospects for a participant civil culture=221
PART THREE. REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL CONTEXTS OF DEMOCRATIZATION=226
9. Regional Comparisons of Democratization: Southern Europe - Lessons from Another European Region=226
The democracy trend in Europe=228
Who belongs to Europe?=231
Spain as a success model=236
Sequencing transitions=238
10. Structuring Executive Power in Emerging Democracies: Warnings from Latin America=241
The role of IMF liberalization=241
Presidentialism and democratization=247
Stunted democratization=254
11. Economics First, Then (Maybe) Politics: The Challenge of the East Asian Model=255
The East Asian experience - what basis for comparison?=255
Superiority of the Asian autocratic model=258
The strength of local culture - illiberal democracy=261
Lessons from East and Southeast Asia=266
Regional comparisons and what they can tell us=268
12. East-Central Europe, the EU and Globalizing Capitalism: What Kind of Democratization, What Kind of Democracy?=269
Western finance and the European Union: economics in command=269
New dependencies of 'joining the West'=273
The new political geography: whose lines on the map?=276
The quality of post-communist democracy: constrained and strained=281
A different globalization, a different quality of democracy=286
Bibliography=291
Index=320