영문목차
Abbreviations=xvii
Table of Cases=xix
Table of Statutes=xxix
Part I. Legal and Political Foundations=3
1. Local Democracy in Its Cqnstitutional Setting=3
Introduction=3
Arguments for Local Democracy=7
The Imperfections of Local Representative Democracy=12
Reform of the Electoral Process=14
The Architecture of Local Democracy: Reorganizing the Structure=16
Regionalism=22
Devolution=27
Conclusion: Constitutional Recognition for Local Government?=29
2. The Powers of Local Government=34
Introduction: The Corporate Model=34
Ultra Vires and Corporations=38
The Limits of Legal Personality: Local Authorities as Public Bodies=41
Loosening the Ultra Vires Doctrine=46
Reform of the Ultra Vires Rule=52
Implementing Reform=56
The New Power to Promote Community Well-being=59
'An Overarching Duty'?=63
Conclusion=65
Part II. Accountability to the Public=69
3. Information, Public Participation, and Accountability=69
Context=69
Local Manifestos=71
Council Publicity and Political Advertising=74
Free Speech and Local Debate=78
Public Rights of Access to Information=80
Consulting the Public=90
Other Participatory Mechanisms=94
Conclusion=98
4. Financial Accountability=100
Introduction=100
From Rates to Council Tax, Via the Poll Tax=101
Central Control and Local Expenditure=105
SSAs=108
Reform Proposals=111
The Purpose of Audit=115
Powers of the Auditor=119
The Surcharge=121
Westminster=124
Reform=127
The Audit Commission=129
The Fiduciary Principle=131
5. Consumer Accountability=140
Introduction=140
The Citizen's Charter=141
Performance Indicators=144
Exit and Choice=147
Schools Admissions=151
Commissioners for Local Administration=158
Jurisdiction=159
Procedure and Enforcement=163
The Role of Councillors=171
Internal Resolution of Complaints=174
Conclusion=179
Part III. Political Leadership and Decision-Making=183
6. Party Groups, Councillors, and the Law=183
Introduction=183
The Group and the Council=187
The Group and the Councillor=195
Inter-group Relations=200
Party Groups in Hung Councils=200
Conventions in Inter-group Relations=203
Conclusion=205
7. Executive Structures=207
Committees and Delegation=207
Decision-making in 'Hung' Councils=213
Neighbourhood Governance=215
The Structural Impact of Compulsory Competitive Tendering=217
'Back-bench' Councillors=221
Political Leadership=224
A Political Executive?=227
The New Executive Structures=230
Cabinets: The Leader and Executive Model=233
Overview and Scrutiny Committees=234
Elected Mayors=237
Conclusion=246
8. Officers and Politics=247
Introduction=247
Neutrality and Commitment=248
Appointment and Dismissal of Officers=253
Officers' Political Activities: Politically Restricted Posts=257
Officers and Standards=264
Whistle-Blowing=268
Conclusion=273
Part IV. The Council in the Community=279
9. The Politics of Local Contracts=279
Two Different Approaches=279
The Fundamental Things Apply?=285
Refusal to Contract and the Challenges to the Exercise of Contractual Power=285
Third-party Challenges=289
Questioning the Bargain=290
The Fettering Doctrine=292
Reform=298
Contract Compliance: The Pursuit of Secondary Social Goals Through Contract=299
Conclusion=303
10. Local Government, Business, and Partnership=305
Introduction=305
The Enabling Council=306
Compulsory Competitive Tendering=309
TUPE=314
Enforcement of CCT=317
Best Value=321
Local Authorities and the Voluntary Sector=324
Complementary Features=324
Access to Council Resources=325
Partnerships=327
Trusts=328
Local Authority Companies=329
Quangos=331
Community Planning and Consultation=336
Conclusion=337
11. Conclusion: The New Local Government=339
New Accountability: The Characteristics of Best Value=339
New Structures and Electoral Reform=343
New Powers=345
Bibliography=347
Index=359