영문목차
Table of Authorities=xiii
Introduction=xxi
Actual CIA Cases=xxvii
PART ONE. PROBLEMS, DEFENSES AND EXEMPTIONS=3
Chapter One. Unique Problems Employees Encounter When Suing United States Intelligence=3
A. Methods Used by CIA Exert Control over Legal Process=3
1. Restricting Employee's Choice of Counsel=3
2. Restricting Employee's Number of Attorneys=6
3. Exploitation of Lawyer's Secrecy Agreement=8
4. Misusing Security and Secrecy to Deny Access to Information, Evidence and Witnesses=10
a. Overly Broad Application of "Sources and Methods" Concept=10
b. Denial of Access to Information and Evidence and State Secrets Privilege=11
c. Denial of Access to Witnesses=16
5. Attempting to Exert Control over Employee's Attorney-Client Information=17
6. Maintaining Special Relationship with Judges in Virginia=18
7. Using Obstructive and Delaying Tactics=19
B. Other Impediments to Attempts to Redress Grievances=22
1. Collusion, Complicity and Reprisals=23
a. Complicity of Inspector General's Office=23
b. Complicity of Office of Medical Services=24
c. Office of Equal Employment Opportunity, As Part of Problem=25
2. False Allegations=27
3. Methods to Prevent Aggrieved Parties from Speaking Out=28
Chapter Two. Sovereign Immunity=31
A. Background=31
B. Contemporary Application of Immunity=32
C. Immunity, As Applied to U.S. Intelligence=37
Chapter Three. CIA, As Exempted and Partially-Exempted Agency=39
A. Civil Service Reform Act(CSRA)=40
1. CSRA-An Exclusive Remedy for Civil Servants=40
2. Unavailability of CSRA to CIA Employees=41
3. Congressional Intentions in Exempting Non-Civil Service Federal Employees from CSRA=42
4. Legal Precedent Indicating Non-Civil Service Federal Employees, Including Those Working for CIA, May Seek Redress in Courts=44
a. Lower Courts' Interpretation of Fausto=45
b. conclusion=47
B. Whistleblower Protection Act=48
C. Administrative Procedure Act-Partial Exemption=51
Freedom of Information and Privacy Acts-Not Exempt=51
PART TWO. LEGAL REMEDIES=59
Chapter Four. Title VII of Civil Rights Act of 1964, Employment Discrimination=59
A. Disparate Treatment=61
1. Disparate Treatment Exceptions and U.S. Intelligence=62
a. BFOQ Exception=62
b. National Security Exception=65
2. Conclusion=67
B. Sexual Harassment=68
1. Sexual Harassment and U.S. Intelligence=70
2. Conclusion=71
C. Disparate Impact=72
1. Fair in Form, Discriminatory in Operation=72
2. Objective and Subjective Components and Burdens of Proof=73
3. Disparate Impact and U.S. Intelligence=76
4. Conclusion=77
D. Retaliation=77
E. Discrimination As Continuing Violation=79
F. Preclusion=80
1. Government Tactics=81
2. Arguments against Preclusion=81
3. Conclusion=85
G. Procedural Matters=86
H. Damages and Jury Trial=88
Chapter Five. Federal Tort Claims Act=91
A. Federal Government's Tort Liability Is Co-Extensive with Private Person's under Applicable State Law=92
B. Exceptions=93
1. Uniquely Governmental Activities=93
2. Discretionary Functions=95
3. Libel, Slander, Misrepresentation, and Deceit=99
4. Foreign Country=100
C. Preclusion=101
D. Procedural Matters=102
E. Damages=104
F. Conclusion=104
Chapter Six. Constitutional Violations, Bivens and Its Progeny=107
A. Bivens Remedy for Violation of Constitutional Rights by Federal Agent=108
B. Extension of Bivens to Other Constitutional Violations=108
C. Bivens, As Applied to U.S. Intelligence=111
1. Property Interest=111
2. Liberty Interest=113
3. Procedural Due Process=115
4. Equal Protection Rights=116
5. First Amendment Rights=117
D. Heightened Pleading Standard=117
E. Preclusion=118
F. Statute of Limitations=122
Chapter Seven. Employment-Related Civil Conspiracies=123
A. Unlawful Conspiracy Defined=124
B. Adverse Personnel Actions within U.S. Intelligence May Take Form of Unlawful Conspiracies=125
C. Analysis of Civil Conspiracy Statutes:42 U.S.C. 1985§§(1), (2), and (3), and 42 U.S.C 1986=126
1. Conspiracy to Interfere with Performance of Official Duties by Federal Officer{42 U.S.C. § 1985(1)}=126
2. Conspiracy to Obstruct Justice{42 U.S.C. § 1985(2)}=130
3. Conspiracy to Deprive Person of Equal Protection and Equal Privileges and Immunities{42 U.S.C. § 1985(3)}=131
4. Damage Remedy against Those with Knowledge of Conspiracy, Power to Prevent It, but Who Neglect or Refuse to Do So(42 U.S.C. § 1986)=134
Chapter Eight. Civil RICO, 18 U.S.C. §§ 1961, 1962, 1964=137
Chapter Nine. Administrative and Procedural Remedies=145
A. Requiring Compliance with Federal Rules of Civil Procedure(FRCP)=145
1. FRCP-Rule 26. General Provisions Governing Discovery;Duty of Disclosure=146
a, Required Disclosure;Methods to Discover Additional Matters=146
b. Supplementation of Disclosures and Responses;Conference of Parties;Planning for Discovery=147
2. FRCP-Rule 37. Failure to Make or Cooperate in Discovery:Sanctions=149
B. Other Procedural Suggestions for Handling Problems Associated with U.S. Intelligence=150
1. In Camera Judicial Review=150
2. Appointment of Master=151
3. Providing Summary of Classified Information Sufficient to Substitute for Disclosure;Admission of Relevant Facts;Finding against U.S. Intelligence;Striking Testimony of Witness=152
C. Shifting Burden of Proof to Defendant-U.S. Intelligence Agency=154
D. Changing Standard of Proof to Clear and Convincing=156
E. Security Clearances for Opposing Counsel=158
F. Extend Benefits of Whistleblower Protection Act to CIA Employees=161
G. Conclusion=163
Index=165