Title
Contents
Acknowledgements 7
The Authors 8
Abbreviations 9
Summary 11
1. Background 17
1.1 Introduction 17
1.2 The contribution of systematic reviews 19
1.3 Type of review 20
1.4 User involvement 20
1.5 Aims and review questions 20
1.6 Barriers and facilitators: a conceptual framework 21
2. Mapping exercise: methodology 22
2.1 Overview 22
2.2 Defining relevant studies: inclusion and exclusion criteria 22
2.3 Identification of potential studies: search strategy 25
2.4 Screening studies: applying inclusion and exclusion criteria 25
2.5 Characterising included studies 26
2.6 Identifying and describing studies: quality-assurance process 26
3. Systematic map results 27
3.1 Overview 27
3.2 Identifying studies 27
3.3 Summary of findings from the systematic map 30
3.3.1 Characteristics of factors studies (201 studies) 30
Study design 30
Population 30
3.3.2 Characteristics of intervention studies (285 studies) 30
Countries in which studies were conducted 31
Evaluation design 31
Population 32
Type of intervention 32
Outcomes 33
4. Synthesis methodology 35
4.1 Overview 35
4.2 Moving from broad characterisation (mapping) to synthesis 35
4.3 Detailed description of studies in the synthesis 36
4.4 Assessing quality of studies and weight of evidence for the review question 37
4.5 Synthesis: quality-assurance process 39
4.6 Synthesis of evidence 39
4.7 Deriving conclusions and implications 40
5. Synthesis results 41
5.1 Overview 41
5.2 Selecting studies for synthesis 41
5.3 Characteristics of studies included in the synthesis 42
5.3.1 Population 42
5.3.2 Interventions 44
5.3.3 Outcomes 47
5.3.4 Evaluation design 48
5.3.5 Summaries of the characteristics of each study 49
5.4 Weight of Evidence 60
5.5 Synthesis of evidence 61
5.5.1 Introduction 61
5.5.2 Synthesis of results: wages and household income 61
5.5.3 Synthesis of results: employment participation 63
5.5.4 Synthesis of results: working hours 65
5.6 Summary of synthesis results 67
6. Conclusions and implications 68
6.1 Discussion 68
6.1.1 Strengths and limitations of this systematic review 72
6.2 Implications 74
6.2.1 Policy 74
6.2.2 Research 75
References 77
Table 1.1 Causes and solutions to in-work poverty 18
Table 2.1 Inclusion/exclusion criteria (Stage 1: Mapping) 23
Table 3.1 Type of intervention (305 interventions in 285 studies) 33
Table 5.1 Outcomes measured (18 studies) 48
Table 5.2 WoE judgements 60
Table 5.3 Summary direction of effect: changes in household income 62
Table 5.4 Summary directions of effect: changes in wages 62
Table 5.5 Summary directions of effect: changes in employment participation 64
Table 5.6 Summary directions of effect: changes in working hours 66
Figure 1.1 The contribution of systematic reviews 19
Figure 1.2 Conceptual diagram of map coverage 21
Figure 3.1 Selection of studies for the systematic map 29
Figure 3.2 Evaluations by study country (285 studies) 31
Figure 3.3 Outcomes measured (285 studies) 34
Figure 5.1 Selection of studies for the synthesis 42