Title Page
Contents
The Authors 8
Summary 9
1. Introduction 15
1.1. Background 15
1.2. Aims and objectives 16
2. Methodology 17
2.1. Individuals who failed screening criteria 19
2.2. Timeline 20
2.3. Calculating JOT points 21
2.4. Report structure 21
3. Demographic profile of customers in study 25
3.1. Demographics and region 25
3.2. Those who appear not to meet the criteria for Priority Group 27
3.3. Length of claim 28
3.4. Whether working and claiming 29
3.5. Finding employment 30
4. Customers who fail to meet JOT criteria 33
4.1. Initial destinations 33
4.2. Customers not entering work 34
4.3. Customers becoming self-employed or freelance 35
4.4. Gap between leaving benefit and entering work exceeded 6/13 weeks 37
4.5. Earnings below the Annual Tax Free Allowance Level 38
4.6. Total numbers failing to meet JOT criteria 39
4.7. Profile of customers failing to meet JOT criteria 40
4.8. Chapter summary 41
4.8.1. Category A – Those failing to meet JOT criteria 41
5. Potential explanatory factors for not contributing to JOT 43
5.1. Length of time remained in employment 44
5.2. Method of payment 47
5.3. Recall of P45 or P46 48
5.4. Nature of contract 49
5.5. Total numbers who met JOT criteria but for whom a potential explanatory factor exists 50
5.6. Profile of customers with explanatory factors 52
5.7. JOT points 52
5.8. Chapter summary 53
5.8.1. Category B – Those with a possible explanatory factor 53
6. Remaining customers for whom no explanatory factor could be identified 55
6.1. Demographic profile of remaining customers 56
6.2. Profile of remaining customers by employment factor 56
6.3. JOT points 57
6.4. Chapter summary 57
6.4.1. Category C – Those with no possible explanatory factor 57
7. Conclusions 59
7.1. Implications 62
Appendix A. Weighting detail 65
Appendix B. Sample and contact breakdown 67
Appendix C. Data tabulations 69
Appendix D. Significance testing 79
Appendix E. Questionnaire 81
Table 2.1. Chapter bases 22
Table 3.1. Unweighted sample profile 26
Table 3.2. Weighted sample profile 27
Table 3.3. Reported circumstances May – September 2007 28
Table 3.4. Length of claim 29
Table 3.5. Whether worked whilst claiming 29
Table 3.6. Details of employment whilst claiming 30
Table 4.1. Customers who did not enter work 35
Table 4.2. Customers who failed to meet JOT criteria 40
Table 5.1. Those leaving employment within a month 46
Table 5.2. Proportion of all customers with a potential explanatory factor 51
Table 5.3. JOT points that customers who had a potential explanatory factor for not contributing to JOT could have accrued (June – August 2007) 53
Table 6.1. Total numbers of remaining customers 56
Table 6.2. JOT points that remaining customers could have accrued (June – August 2007) 57
Table 7.1. Breakdown of off-flows into employment not counted by JOT (by priority group) 62
Table A.1. Weighting 66
Table B.1. Available sample breakdown 67
Table B.2. Contact breakdown 67
Table C.1. Profile of customers failing to meet JOT criteria compared with all customers 69
Table C.2. Profile of customers who were paid cash in hand compared with all customers meeting JOT criteria 71
Table C.3. Profile of customers who do not recall P45/P46 compared with all customers meeting JOT criteria 72
Table C.4. Profile of customers by nature of contract compared with all customers meeting JOT criteria 73
Table C.5. Profile of customers who met JOT criteria but for whom a potential explanatory factor exists compared with all customers 74
Table C.6. Profile of customers who met JOT criteria but for whom a potential explanatory factor exists compared with all customers 75
Table C.7. Demographic profile of remaining customers (for whom no potential explanatory factor exists) compared with all customers 76
Table C.8. Employment profile of remaining customers (for whom no potential explanatory factor exists) compared with all customers 77
Figure 1.1. Summary of off-flows into employment not counted by JOT 11
Figure 2.1. Customers identified for study 18
Figure 2.2. Timeline 21
Figure 2.3. Chapter grouping by circumstance 22
Figure 3.1. How found out about employment 32
Figure 4.1. Initial destinations of customers 34
Figure 4.2. Sectors of employment for those self-employed or freelance 36
Figure 4.3. Length of gap between leaving benefit and starting work 38
Figure 4.4. Annual incomes of those entering work 39
Figure 5.1. Length of time remained in employment 45
Figure 5.2. Reasons for leaving employment 46
Figure 5.3. Method of payment 47
Figure 5.4. Recall of P45/P46 49
Figure 5.5. Nature of contract 50
Figure 7.1. Summary of off-flows into employment not counted by JOT 61