영문목차
Table of Principal Cases=xvii
Series Editor's Preface=xix
Preface and Acknowledgments=xxi
Chapter 1. Introduction to Employment Discrimination Law=3
Core Concept : At-Will Employment=3
Howard v. Wolff Broadcasting Corp.=4
Further Discussion=6
Exercise 1.1=7
Exercise 1.2=8
Exercise 1.3=8
Core Concept : Putting the Federal Discrimination Statutes in Context=10
Core Concept : Practical Realities of Employment Discrimination Claims=12
Beyond the Basics : Statutory Interpretation and Administrative Deference=14
Chapter 2. Coverage of Statutes=17
Core Concept : Protected Classes=17
Race and Color=19
Exercise 2.1=19
McDonald v. Santa Fe Trail Transportation Co.=19
Notes=21
National Origin=21
Saint Francis College v. Al-Khazraji=22
Note=25
Espinoza v. Farah Manufacturing Co.=25
Notes=28
Religion=28
Exercise 2.2=29
Sex=30
City of Los Angeles, Dept. of Water & Power v. Manhart=30
Notes=35
Exercise 2.3=36
Age=37
Hazen Paper Co. v. Biggins=37
Note=39
Core Concept : The Proper Defendant=40
Employment Agencies and Labor Organizations=40
Private Employers=40
Individual Supervisors and Co-Workers=41
Government Employers=41
Major Exceptions=42
Core Concept : Protected Individuals=43
Hishon v. King & Spalding=44
Exercise 2.4=48
Exercise 2.5=49
Chapter 3. Disparate Treatment=51
Exercise 3.1=55
Core Concept : Individual Disparate Treatment=55
Core Concept : The McDonnell-Douglas Test=56
McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green=56
Subsequent Developments=59
Reeves v. Sanderson Plumbing Products, Inc.=62
Exercise 3.2=66
Exercise 3.3=66
Exercise 3.4=67
Core Concept : Comparators―Similarly Situated Employees Outside of Plaintiff's Protected Class=67
O'Connor v. Consolidated Coin Caterers Corp.=68
Further Discussion=69
Core Concept : Stray Remarks=70
Core Concept : Business Judgment=71
Core Concept : Same Decisionmaker and Same Class Inferences=71
Core Concept : Direct vs. Circumstantial Evidence=72
Exercise 3.5=73
Core Concept : Adverse Actions=74
Core Concept : Mixed Motive=74
Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins=75
Subsequent Developments=85
Desert Palace, Inc. v. Costa=86
Exercise 3.6=89
Gross v. FBL Financial Services, Inc.=90
Subsequent Developments=96
Beyond the Basics : Mixed Motive in the ADA Context=96
Beyond the Basics : Intersectionality=96
Exercise 3.7=96
Beyond the Basics : The Intersection of Mixed-Motive and Single-Motive Cases=97
Exercise 3.8=98
Core Concept : Pattern or Practice=99
International Broth. of Teamsters v. U.S.=99
Hazelwood School Dist. v. U.S.=109
Exercise 3.9=114
Core Concept : Affirmative Action=114
Core Concept : BFOQ=114
Western Air Lines, Inc. v. Criswell=115
Dothard v. Rawlinson=122
International Union, United Auto., Aerospace and Agr. Implement Workers of America, UAW v. Johnson Controls, Inc.=128
Notes=136
Exercise 3.10=137
Exercise 3.11=138
Core Concept : After-Acquired Evidence=138
McKennon v. Nashville Banner Pub. Co.=138
Exercise 3.12=141
Core Concept : Intent=142
Exercise 3.13=142
Staub v. Proctor Hosp.=143
Exercise 3.14=150
Exercise 3.15=150
Chapter 4. Disparate Impact=151
Core Concept : Disparate Impact, Its Theory and Structure=151
Griggs v. Duke Power Co.=152
Subsequent Developments=155
Wards Cove Packing Co., Inc. v. Atonio=156
Subsequent Developments=163
Exercise 4.1=164
Core Concept : Defining Disparity=164
Bottom-Line Defense=165
Exercise 4.2=166
Core Concept : The Correct Comparison=166
Exercise 4.3=166
Core Concept : Job-Related and Consistent with Business Necessity=167
Dothard v. Rawlinson=168
Note=170
Further Exploration of "Job-Related" and "Consistent with Business Necessity"=170
Other Considerations=172
Exercise 4.4=173
Core Concept : Disparate Impact―ADEA=174
Smith v. City of Jackson, Miss.=174
Subsequent Developments=180
Exercise 4.5=181
Beyond the Basics : Disparate Impact and the ADA=182
Core Concept : Choices Made to Avoid Disparate Impact Liability May Lead to Disparate Treatment Claims=182
Ricci v. DeStefano=183
Core Concept : The Adequacy of the Frameworks=196
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Dukes=197
Exercise 4.6=209
Chapter 5. Discriminatory Harassment=211
Core Concept : Types of Harassment=211
Core Concept : Quid Pro Quo Harassment=211
Core Concept : Hostile Work Environment Harassment=213
Meritor Savings Bank, FSB v. Vinson=214
Exercise 5.1=216
Harris v. Forklift Systems, Inc.=217
Further Discussion=220
Core Concept : Because of a Protected Trait=220
Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services=221
Notes=223
Exercise 5.2=224
Core Concept : Unwelcomeness=224
Exercise 5.3=225
Exercise 5.4=226
Core Concept : Severe or Pervasive=226
Exercise 5.5=227
Exercise 5.6=227
Exercise 5.7=227
Tademy v. Union Pacific Corporation=228
Exercise 5.8=231
Core Concept : Motive vs. Content of Harassment=232
Core Concept : Employer Liability for Harassment=233
Meritor Savings Bank, FSB v. Vinson=233
Subsequent Developments=234
Faragher v. City of Boca Raton=234
Notes=242
Vance v. Ball State University=242
Note=253
Lauderdale v. Texas Dept. of Criminal Justice=253
Core Concept : Tangible Employment Action=257
Exercise 5.9=257
Exercise 5.10=257
Beyond the Basics : Harassment=258
Exercise 5.11=259
Exercise 5.12=259
Chapter 6. Retaliation=261
Core Concept : Elements of the Statutory Claim for Retaliation=262
Core Concept : Protected Activity=262
Crawford v. Nashville=263
Notes=267
Core Concept : Reasonableness of Opposition Conduct=267
Core Concept : Reasonable Belief That the Act Has Been Violated=268
Clark County School District v. Breeden=268
Note=270
Core Concept : Materially Adverse Employment Action=270
Burlington Northern & Santa Fe Railway Co. v. White=270
Notes=274
Core Concept : Causal Link=275
Clark County School District v. Breeden=276
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center v. Nassar=278
Notes=287
Beyond the Basics : Third-Party Retaliation=288
Thompson v. North American Stainless, LP.=288
Notes=291
Beyond the Basics : Retaliation Protection under Section 1981=291
CBOCS West, Inc. v. Humphries=292
Beyond the Basics : Federal Employee Protections=295
Exercise 6.1=296
Exercise 6.2=297
Exercise 6.3=297
Exercise 6.4=298
Chapter 7. Religion and Accommodation=299
Core Concept : The Differences of Religious Discrimination=299
Exercise 7.1=300
Core Concept : Defining Religion=301
Exercise 7.2=301
Core Concept : Proof Structures in Religion Cases=302
Chalmers v. Tulon Company of Richmond=302
Core Concept : Reasonable Accommodation and Undue Hardship=303
Trans World Airlines, Inc. v. Hardison=304
Further Discussion=309
Ansonia Board of Education v. Philbrook=310
Further Discussion=311
Chalmers v. Tulon Company of Richmond=312
Exercise 7.3=321
Exercise 7.4=321
Beyond the Basics : The Religious Employer Exemption=322
Exercise 7.5=323
Beyond the Basics : The Ministerial Exception to Federal Anti-Discrimination Statutes=323
Hosanna-Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church and School v. EEOC=324
Exercise 7.6=331
Beyond the Basics : Religious Discrimination and Public Employers=331
Exercise 7.7=332
Chapter 8. Disability Discrimination=333
Core Concept : Disability, Individuals, and Social Policy=334
Core Concept : Definition of Disability=335
Core Concept : Actual Disability=336
Sutton v. United Air Lines, Inc.=337
Further Discussion=342
Exercise 8.1=345
Exercise 8.2=345
Exercise 8.3=345
Core Concept : Record of Disability=345
Core Concept : Regarded as Disabled=346
Beyond the Basics : The Three-Pronged Definition of Disability and the ADAAA=346
Horgan v. Morgan Services, Inc.=347
Exercise 8.4=350
Core Concept : Qualified Individual=350
Hennagir v. Utah Department of Corrections=351
Exercise 8.5=354
Core Concept : Reasonable Accommodation=354
Vande Zande v. State of Wisconsin Department of Administration=357
Exercise 8.6=361
Core Concept : Proof Structures=362
Core Concept : Direct Threat Defense=362
Chevron v. Echazabal=364
Exercise 8.7=368
Exercise 8.8=369
Beyond the Basics : Drug and Alcohol Use=369
Beyond the Basics : Medical Examinations and Inquiries=369
EEOC Guidance on Medical Examinations=371
Other Sources of Obligations Related to Exams and Inquiries=372
Exercise 8.9=373
Exercise 8.10=374
Exercise 8.11=374
Exercise 8.12=374
Beyond the Basics : Burdens of Production and Persuasion in Disability Cases=375
U.S. Airways v. Barnett=375
Notes=380
Exercise 8.13=381
Chapter 9. Protected Traits and Special Issues=383
Core Concept : Affirmative Action=383
Exercise 9.1=385
Exercise 9.2=385
Legal Challenges to Affirmative Action=386
Constitutional Challenges to Affirmative Action=386
Voluntary Affirmative Action under Title VII=387
Johnson v. Transportation Agency=388
Notes=394
Sex, Pregnancy and Maternal Wall=395
In re Union Pacific Railroad Employment Practices Litigation=396
Notes=402
Doe v. C.A.R.S. Protection Plus, Inc.=402
Notes=407
Equal Treatment of Pregnant Employees=407
Tysinger v. Zanesville=408
Further Discussion=412
Back v. Hastings on Hudson Union Free School District=413
Notes=416
Sex-Based Pay Discrimination=416
Comparable Worth=417
Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA)=418
Bases for FMLA Leave=418
FMLA Interference and Retaliation Claims=419
Lawson v. Plantation General Hosp.=420
Mitchell v. County of Wayne=424
Notes=430
Race/Color=431
Exercise 9.3=431
What Constitutes Race?=431
Rogers v. American Airlines, Inc.=432
Note=433
Color Discrimination=434
Salas v. Wisconsin Dept. of Corrections=434
Note=437
Race and Arrest Records=437
Gregory v. Litton Systems, Inc.=438
Note=438
Age=440
General Dynamics Land Systems, Inc. v. Cline=441
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) Individuals=447
Weaver v. Nebo School District=448
Further Discussion=452
Bibby v. Coca Cola Bottling Co.=453
Etsitty v. Utah Transit Authority=457
Further Discussion=463
Macy v. Holder=464
Note=468
Grooming Codes=469
Jespersen v. Harrah's Operating Company, Inc.=469
Notes=475
Exercise 9.4=475
National Origin=476
Verification of Work Authorization Status and National Origin Discrimination=476
Zamora v. Elite Logistics, Inc.=477
Notes=486
Undocumented Workers and Discrimination=487
Jarod S. Gonzalez, Employment Law Remedies for Illegal Immigrants=487
Workplace Communication and National Origin=489
Exercise 9.5=490
Maldonado v. City of Altus=491
Exercise 9.6=497
Chapter 10. Administrative and Litigation Procedures=499
The Administrative Process=500
Step 1. The employee files a charge with the EEOC.=500
What Constitutes a Charge under the Federal Anti-Discrimination Statutes?=500
Federal Express Corp. v. Holowecki=501
Notes=507
The Location for Filing a Charge with the EEOC=508
The Deadline for Filing the Charge with the EEOC=508
Commencing the Charge-Filing Period=510
Lewis v. City of Chicago=513
Consequences of Failing to File a Timely EEOC Charge=517
Step 2. The EEOC serves the notice of the charge on the employer.=517
Step 3. The EEOC investigates the charge.=519
Step 4. The EEOC makes a determination on the charge.=519
EEOC v. Manville Sales Corp.=520
Notes=522
Exercise 10.1=524
Step 5. The EEOC issues a right-to-sue letter.=524
The Time Frame for the EEOC's Issuance of the Right-to-Sue Letter=524
The 90-Day Time Period to File a Lawsuit=525
Equitable Tolling, Estoppel, and Waiver=526
Exercise 10.2=527
ADA, ADEA, and Section 1981 Claims and the Administrative Process=527
State Antidiscrimination Claims and the Administrative Process=530
Exercise 10.3=532
Procedural Requirements for Public Sector Employees=532
The Court Process=533
Step 6. The plaintiff files the employment discrimination claim in court.=533
The Lawsuit=534
Pleadings=534
Swierkiewicz v. Sorema=534
Notes=537
Sample Complaint in an Employment Discrimination Case=542
Sample Answer in an Employment Discrimination Case=545
Discovery=548
Summary Judgment=548
Trial=549
Further Discussion=549
Exercise 10.4=550
Chapter 11. Remedies=551
Core Concept : Introduction to Remedies=551
Core Concept : Equitable v. Legal Remedies under Title VII=552
Enforcing the Historical Law and Equity Divide=553
Title VII Remedial Provision―Title VII §706(g) ; 42 U.S.C. §2000e-5(g) [Equitable Relief]=555
Title VII Remedial Provision―42 U.S.C. §1981a [Legal Relief]=555
Core Concept : Purpose of Remedies=558
Albemarle Paper Co. v. Moody=558
Core Concept : Types of Title VII Remedies and Standards for Awarding Title VII Remedies=560
Back Pay=560
Retroactive Seniority Relief=560
Reinstatement=560
Front Pay=561
Donlin v. Philips Lighting North America Corp.=561
Note=563
Exercise 11.1=563
Declaratory and Injunctive Relief=564
EEOC v. DCP Midstream L.P.=565
Notes=570
Compensatory Damages=571
Punitive Damages=572
Core Concept : Title VII's Compensatory and Punitive Damages Cap=573
Exercise 11.2=574
Core Concept : Mitigation of Damages=574
Richardson v. Tricom Pictures & Productions, Inc.=575
Notes=581
Core Concept : Damages under the ADA=581
ADA Remedial Provision―ADA §107(a) ; 42 U.S.C. §12117(a)=581
Core Concept : Damages under the ADEA=582
ADEA Remedial Provisions―ADEA §7 ; 29 U.S.C. §626=582
FLSA Remedies Provision―29 U.S.C. §216―Applicable to ADEA Remedies=582
Core Concept : Damages under Section 1981=584
Core Concept : Recovery of Attorney's Fees=584
Beyond the Basics : Affirmative Action as a Remedy=585
Beyond the Basics : Job Offers as a Remedy=586
Beyond the Basics : Damages and Civil Procedure=587
Pleadings=587
Discovery=589
The Trial=590
Jury Instructions Example on Damages=590
Exercise 11.3=593
Exercise 11.4=593
Exercise 11.5=594
Chapter 12. Capstone Experience=595
Capstone Exercise 1. Evaluating a Case from a Plaintiff's Attorney's Perspective=595
Capstone Exercise 2. Initial Case Evaluation by a Lawyer for a Defendant=597
Capstone Exercise 3. Discovery=597
Capstone Exercise 4. Summary Judgment=598
Capstone Exercise 5. Resolution of a Matter=599
Index=601