영문목차
Foreword=xi
Preface=xiii
Introduction=xv
Part I. Preliminary Preparations
1. Crime Scene Investigations
Types of Physical Evidence and Crime Scenes=3
Use of Physical Evidence Found at the Crime Scene=5
Locard Exchange Principle=6
General Processes and Procedures at the Crime Scene=6
Scientific Crime Scene Investigation=11
Legal Concerns for the Crime Scene Investigator=11
Discussion Questions=14
Example Mincey Warrant Template=15
2. Initial On-Scene Procedures
First Responders at the Crime Scene=17
Crime Scene Security=23
Preliminary Scene Survey=23
Discussion Questions=33
Part II. Making a Scene Relevant-Documentation
3. Notes and Videography
Documentation at the Crime Scene=37
Note Taking at the Crime Scene=37
Videography at the Crime Scene=42
Discussion Questions=44
4. Crime Scene Photography
Purpose=45
Process : Equipment=46
Process : General to Specific Photographs=47
Process : EMS Personnel in Crime Scene=47
Process : Surroundings, Roads, and Structures=48
Process : Photographing Vehicles and Conditions=48
Process : Points of Access=48
Process : Aerial Photography of Crime Scenes=48
Process : Photography of Interior Crime Scenes=65
Process : Close-up and Examination Quality Photographs of Evidence=65
Process : Additional Photographs of Marked Evidence=66
Process : Evidence Markers and Different Situations=66
Process : Documentation within the Documentation of Close-up and Examination (Evidence) Quality Photographs=71
Process : The Photo Log and Digital Image Formats=81
Process : Lighting=82
Process : Photographing the Use of Alternate Light Sources=82
Photographic Documentation of a Crime Scene―Rules to Follow=83
Rule #1. Do Not Disturb the Scene=83
Rule #2. Complete Set of Photographs=83
Rule #3. Pay Attention to Angles=90
Types of Photographs by the Type of Crime=90
Homicide or Death Investigation=90
Suicide=91
Motor Vehicle Accident=91
Fires=92
Discussion Questions=94
5. Crime Scene Sketching and Measurement
Purpose and Method=95
Challenges and Barriers=102
Crime Scene Drawings=102
Discussion Questions=110
6. Searching for Evidence
Introduction=111
Physical Searches―General Concepts and Theory=111
Areas of High Probability for Finding Physical Evidence=113
Physical Searches―Geometric Patterns=113
Link Method=115
Line (STRIP) Method=115
Grid Method=115
Zone Method=115
Wheel/Ray Method=115
Spiral Method=115
Enhancement and Visualization=118
General Concepts and Theory=118
Optical or Lighting Methods for Visualization and Enhancement=118
Specific Evidence Types Using ALS=120
Chemical Content and Reactions=123
Biological Evidence Visualization and Enhancement=123
Hemoglobin (Heme)-Based Visualization and Enhancement Reagents=123
Protein-Based Visualization and Enhancement Reagents=123
Chemical Evidence Visualization and Enhancement=126
Latent Fingerprints and Other Impressions=126
Gunshot Residue=127
Explosive Residues=130
Controlled Substances and Drugs=130
Portable Instrumentation for Visualization and Enhancement=130
Discussion Questions=131
Part III. Concluding Processes
7. Reconstruction Activities
Introduction and Requirements=135
Challenges and Barriers=135
Crime Scene Reconstructions by Type of Evidence=136
Patterned Evidence in Reconstructions=137
Bloodstain Patterns=137
Glass Fracture Patterns=147
Wound Dynamics=151
Fire Burn Patterns=151
Footwear Trails and Tire Mark Patterns=156
Clothing Damage or Position Patterns=156
Shooting Scene Reconstruction=158
GSRs for Shooting Incident Investigations=158
Role of Markings on Projectiles=159
Muzzle-to-Target Distance Determinations=162
Methods for Trajectory Determinations=162
Shell Casing Ejection Patterns=166
Writing a Reconstruction Report=173
Reenactment versus Reconstruction=173
Report of Findings=173
Discussion Questions=173
Sample Crime Scene Reconstruction Report=175
8. Emerging Technologies
Documentation=185
Measurement=185
Forensic Science from the Laboratory to the Scene=185
Raman Spectroscopy=185
FTIR Spectroscopy=190
Ground-Penetrating Radar=194
Advancements in Alternate Light Sources=196
Rapid DNA Profiles=197
Biometrics at the Crime Scene=197
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles or Drones=197
Teleforensics=197
Databases=203
New Technologies at the Crime Scene : Use of 3-D Laser Scanners=204
Concluding Thoughts=206
Discussion Questions=209
9. Concluding Thoughts
Probative Value of Crime Scene Evidence=211
Usefulness or Probative Value of Physical Evidence=211
The Cumulative Effect of Physical Evidence=216
Challenges and Barriers=217
The Harassed and Hurried Crime Scene Investigator=217
Sworn versus Nonsworn Crime Scene Investigator=217
Budgets and Funding=217
Concluding Thought=218
Discussion Questions=218
Appendix 1. Crime Scene Investigation Necessities=219
Appendix 2. Death Scene Investigation Checklist=223
Appendix 3. Recipes for Commonly Used Reagents at the Crime Scene=257
Glossary of Commonly Used Terms=279
Index=283