영문목차
List of Illustrations=xiii
Acknowledgements=xvii
Preface=xix
Chapter 1. The Canadian Environment=1
Environmental Quality and Indicators=4
Air Quality=5
Water Quality=8
Agriculture and Land=11
Fish and Fisheries=13
Forests=15
Biodiversity and Species at Risk=16
Factors Affecting Environmental Quality=18
Urbanization=18
Population and Immigration=20
Affluence=21
Quality and Impact Assessment=23
Conclusions=25
Key Terms=25
Discussion Questions=26
Suggested Readings=26
Chapter 2. Canadian Politics and Institutions=27
Canada's Political Institutions=29
Executive Branch=31
Legislative Branch=32
Judicial Branch=39
Federalism=41
Québec and Canada=44
The Provinces and Canada=45
Aboriginal Peoples and Canada=46
Multiple Levels of Governance=48
Conclusions=49
Key Terms=50
Discussion Questions=50
Suggested Readings=50
Chapter 3. Making Policy in Canada=53
Policy Actors=54
Political Parties=54
Interest Groups=57
The Media=59
Citizen Experts=62
Citizens=62
The Policy Process=64
When a Model Is Only a Model=65
Actors and the Process=68
Policy Instruments and Tools=69
Defining Environmental Policy=71
Policymaking in the Provinces=73
Policymaking in the Territories=74
Conclusions=75
Key Terms=76
Discussion Questions=76
Suggested Readings=76
Chapter 4. The History of Environmentalism in Canada=77
Natural History Pre-1867=78
National Parks=81
The Environmental Eras=83
Third Wave=86
The End of the Third Wave and the Rise of the Green Party=89
Environmentalism and Ideology=90
Canadian Environmental Policy and Policy Tools=92
Environmental Policy under Conservative Party Leadership, 2006-15=95
Conclusions=96
Key Terms=97
Discussion Questions=98
Suggested Readings=98
Chapter 5. The Conservation of Species at Risk=99
Why Care?=100
Federal Conservation of Wildlife=102
The Federal Government and the Species at Risk Act=104
Provinces and Species at Risk=107
The Role of Cities=109
The Role of NGOs=109
The Role of Citizens=112
Conclusions=113
Key Terms=114
Discussion Questions=114
Suggested Readings=114
Chapter 6. Water, Air, and Chemical Pollution=117
The Politics of Water=118
Water Management=120
The Federal Government and Water=122
The Provinces and Water=124
Water Permits=125
Water Quality=127
Transprovincial Water=129
The Role of Cities in Water Policy=130
The Role of NGOs in Water Policy=131
The Role of Citizens in Water Policy=133
Air Pollution=134
The Federal Government and Air Pollution Policy=135
The Provinces and Air Pollution Policy=137
The Role of Cities=138
The Role of NGOs=140
The Role of Citizens=140
Chemicals and Pollution=141
Federal Chemical Policy=143
The Provinces and Chemicals=144
The Role of Cities=146
The Role of NGOs=146
The Role of Citizens=148
Conclusions=148
Key Terms=149
Discussion Questions=149
Suggested Readings=150
Chapter 7. The Politics and Policy of Land : From Agriculture to Forests to Cities=151
Agricultural Policy=152
The Federal Government and Agriculture=153
The Provinces and Agriculture=156
The Role of Cities=157
The Role of NGOs=158
The Role of Citizens=159
Forestry Policy=161
The Federal Government and Forestry=162
The Provinces and Forestry=163
The Role of Cities=164
The Role of NGOs=165
The Role of Citizens=166
Urban Land Policy=167
Provinces, Cities, and Urban Land=168
The Role of NGOs=170
The Role of Citizens=172
Conclusions=173
Key Terms=174
Discussion Questions=174
Suggested Readings=174
Chapter 8. Energy Policy and Climate Change=177
Canada's Energy Needs=177
Energy Production and Consumption : Regionalism in Canada=181
Federal Energy Policy=183
The National Energy Board=184
Provincial Energy Policy and Politics=186
Climate Change and Energy Policy=187
Federal Climate Policy=188
Provincial Climate Policy=191
The Role of Cities in Climate Change Policy=193
The Role of NGOs in Climate and Energy Policy=194
The Role of Citizens in Climate and Energy Policy=196
Policy Options and Obstacles=197
Conclusions=198
Key Terms=200
Discussion Questions=200
Suggested Readings=200
Chapter 9. Aboriginal People and the Environment=203
Who Are Aboriginals?=204
Demographics and Geography=206
Aboriginals and the Environment=208
Understanding Canada's Aboriginal Law=212
Aboriginal Land and Environmental Policy Today=218
Pipelines=218
Water=221
Species at Risk=224
Conclusions=227
Key Terms=228
Discussion Questions=228
Suggested Readings=229
Chapter 10. Politics and Policy in the North and Far North=231
What Is the Arctic? Where Is the Arctic?=232
"Discovery" and Sovereignty=236
American Influence on Canada's Arctic=240
Laws in the Arctic=242
Aboriginal Co-Management of the North=243
The Arctic Council and Arctic Governance=244
Domestic Policy : Canada's Northern Strategy=249
Energy Politics in the North=251
The Mackenzie Gas Project=251
The Trans Alaska Pipeline and the Canada-Alaska Pipeline=253
The Northwest Passage=255
Conclusions=257
Key Terms=258
Discussion Questions=258
Suggested Readings=258
Chapter 11. The Canadian Environment in a Global Context=259
Global Institutions and Canada's Role=260
Financial Organizations and Mechanisms=264
International Law and Canada=267
International Case Studies=271
Ozone Depletion=271
Biodiversity Protection=272
Hazardous Chemicals=274
Climate Change=275
Conclusions=282
Key Terms=282
Discussion Questions=282
Suggested Readings=283
Chapter 12. The Canadian Environment in the Twenty-First Century=285
Policy Evaluation=286
Looking Back and Evaluating=289
Looking Forward and Environmental Leadership=291
The Future of Climate Change : Domestic=296
The Future of Climate Change : International=298
A Fourth Wave of Environmentalism?=300
Our Future and Sustainable Development=302
Federalism and Canada's Environment in the Twenty-First Century=304
Conclusions=307
Key Terms=309
Discussion Questions=309
Suggested Readings=309
Glossary=311
References=329
Index=365
Textboxes
Elizabeth May and the Green Party of Canada=56
Administrative Decision Making and Implementation : Tribunals=67
Private Property Rights and the Landscape=79
Corporate Social Responsibility in Canada=93
Water, Business, and the Environment=128
Market Mechanisms to Reduce GHG Emissions=189
United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples=217
Environmental Justice for Aboriginal Canadians=220
Environmental Justice and Idle No More=223
What Is Aboriginal Traditional Knowledge?=225
What Are INGOs?=264
Lone Pine Resources Sues Canada over Fracking=266
Environmental and Climate Refugees=279
Big Business in Canada=294
Do We Need an Environmental Bill of Rights?=305
1.1. Examples of Canadian Species in Designated COSEWIC At-Risk Categories=17
2.1. Environmental Powers as Described in the Canadian Constitution=42
3.1. Policy Tools=69
4.1. Comparing the Liberal Tradition to Eco-philosophies=91
5.1. Provincial Endangered Species Policy=108
6.1. Federal Ambient Air Quality Standards=136
9.1. Acts of Parliament and Their Effect on Aboriginal Canadians=213
9.2. Major Supreme Court Cases : Aboriginals and Environmental Policy in Canada=214
10.1. Member States and Organizations Affiliated with the Arctic Council=246
11.1. UN Framework Convention on Climate Change : The Outcome of COPs, 1997 and 2009-15=277
12.1. Major Federal Environmental Policy from 1968-2014, by Prime Minister Elect=290
1.1. CO₂ Emissions as Measured in Alert, Nunavut, 1975-2010=7
1.2. National Freshwater Quality Indicator, Canada, 2010-12=9
1.3. Freshwater Quality by Land Use Category, Canada, 2010-12=9
1.4. Percentage of Land Used for Agriculture, by Province and Total, 2011=11
1.5. Status of Major Fish Stocks, by Stock Group, Canada, 2013=13
1.6. Percentage of Canadians Living in Urban Areas, 1871-2011=19
1.7. Percentage of Canadians in Each Region in 1993 and 2013=20
1.8. Proxy Measure of Affluence in Canada : Measure of Median Net Worth of Canadian Families=22
2.1. Branches of Government=30
2.2. Canada's Judicial System=39
3.1. Actors Influencing Environmental Policy=63
3.2. The Policy Process in Five Stages=65
5.1. The Report Card of Provincial and Federal Species at Risk Legislation as Graded by Ecojustice, 2012=111
11.1. National Greenhouse Gas Emissions, 1990-2013=276
1.1. Canada's Boreal Forest=3
4.1. World Heritage Sites in Canada, 2013=82
6.1. Percentage of Population Reliant on Groundwater by Province and Territory=121
9.1. Inuit Nunangat in Northern Canada, 2009=207
9.2. The 11 Numbered Treaties in Canada=209
10.1. Canada's Territorial North, including Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Nunavik (Québec), and Nunatsiavut (Newfoundland and Labrador)=234
10.2. Map of Northern America in 1862, before Canadian Confederation=238
10.3. Existing and Proposed Pipelines in the North=254
10.4. Canadian Shipping Route through the Northwest Passage=256