Title Page
Contents
I. Introduction 9
II. Energy Tax System and Revenue in Korea 18
1. Energy taxes 18
A. Customs and duties 18
B. Excise taxes 19
C. Transportation, energy, and environmental taxes 19
D. Educational taxes 20
E. Mileage taxes 20
F. Value-added taxes 21
G. Local resource facility taxes 22
2. Energy tax revenue 24
III. Introducing the Coal Tax 26
1. Coal taxes in benchmark countries 26
2. Coal tax scenarios 27
A. Tax adjustment scenarios based on calorific values and carbon emissions 30
B. Taxing bituminous coals with fixed tax rates for other fuels 41
3. Conclusion 46
IV. Introducing the Nuclear Tax 50
1. Nuclear taxes around the world 50
A. Nuclear energy and taxation around the world 50
B. Belgium 52
C. Spain 54
D. Sweden 56
E. Germany 57
F. Hungary 57
G. Japan 58
H. France 60
2. Scenarios on introducing nuclear taxes 61
A. Taxing nuclear fuels(uranium) 61
B. Taxing electricity generated by nuclear energy 63
3. Conclusion 66
V. Comprehensive Analysis and Implications 68
1. Composite energy tax scenarios 68
2. Production and distribution of electricity, and price impact 70
3. Scenario analysis 72
4. Inflation effect 77
5. Conclusion 80
Bibliography 82
〈Table I-1〉 Distribution of Energy Taxes by Use and Fuel Type: In Terms of Calories 10
〈Table II-1〉 Energy Tax System in Korea(July 2014) 21
〈Table II-2〉 Local Resource Facility Taxes: Subject Taxpayers, Standards, and Rates 23
〈Table II-3〉 Energy Tax Revenue 24
〈Table II-4〉 TEE and Excise Tax Revenue(reported in 2012) 25
〈Table II-5〉 Yearly Trend in Local Resource Facility Taxes Imposed 25
〈Table III-1〉 Tax Rates, Calorific Values, and Carbon Emissions of Fuels: By Use and Type 29
〈Table III-2〉 Relative Tax Rates on Fuels Based on Relative Calorific Values and Emissions 30
〈Table III-3〉 Scenario 1 Analysis 33
〈Table III-4〉 Scenario 2 Analysis 34
〈Table III-5〉 Scenario 3 Analysis 35
〈Table III-6〉 Scenario 4 Analysis 36
〈Table III-7〉 Changes in Fuel Prices under Scenario 1 37
〈Table III-8〉 Changes in Fuel Prices under Scenario 2 39
〈Table III-9〉 Changes in Fuel Prices under Scenario 3 40
〈Table III-10〉 Changes in Fuel Prices under Scenario 4 41
〈Table III-11〉 Relative Tax Rates on Bituminous Coals, Based on Relative Calorific Values and Emissions 42
〈Table III-12〉 Changes in Fuel Prices in Scenario 5 43
〈Table III-13〉 Changes in Fuel Prices in Scenario 6 44
〈Table III-14〉 Changes in Fuel Prices in Scenario 7 44
〈Table III-15〉 Changes in Fuel Prices in Scenario 8 45
〈Table III-16〉 Increases in Tax Revenue at Different Coal Tax Rates: Coal Taxes on Generating Electricity and Other Purposes 47
〈Table III-17〉 Coal Tax Revenue under Adjusted Tax Rates 48
〈Table IV-1〉 Nuclear Energy Worldwide 51
〈Table IV-2〉 Nuclear Reactors in Belgium and Deadlines for Shutdown 53
〈Table IV-3〉 Nuclear Exploitation Nuisance Compensations in Belgium 54
〈Table IV-4〉 Nuclear Reactors in Spain 55
〈Table IV-5〉 Radioactive Waste Taxes in Spain 56
〈Table IV-6〉 Nuclear Taxes in Japan(as of April 2012) 59
〈Table IV-7〉 Nuclear Taxes in France 60
〈Table IV-8〉 Imported Quantity of Uranium for Electricity Generation Purposes 62
〈Table IV-9〉 Direct Uranium Taxation Scenarios(Based on Statistics of 2012) 63
〈Table IV-10〉 Amounts of Electricity Generated and Traded by Nuclear Plants, and Price and Unit Transaction Price of Nuclear Energy 64
〈Table IV-11〉 Nuclear Tax Rates Based on the Calorific Value 64
〈Table IV-12〉 Nuclear Tax Revenue Forecasts(Based on Electricity Generated in 2012) 65
〈Table IV-13〉 Changes in the Unit Transaction Price of Nuclear Energy Due to Nuclear Taxes(Based on Electricity Generated in 2012) 66
〈Table V-1〉 Energy Tax System Scenarios 69
〈Table V-2〉 Electricity Purchases and Sales(2008-2013) 71
〈Table V-3〉 Formula for Determining the Total Cost of Electricity Generation 72
〈Table V-4〉 Variations in the Unit Transaction Price of Electricity in Different Tax Rate Scenarios 73
〈Table V-5〉 Variations in the Purchase Price of Electricity in Different Tax Rate Scenarios 75
〈Table V-6〉 Variations in the Sale Price of Electricity in Different Tax Rate Scenarios 76
〈Table V-7〉 CPI Inflation Effects 79
[Figure V-1] Production, Distribution, and Sale of Electricity 70