Title page
Contents
PREFACE 5
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6
1. Introduction 6
2. Methodology and Scope 6
3. Legal background for private copying remuneration 7
4. Practical implementation of compensation systems 10
5. Liability 13
6. Collection and distribution 14
7. Revenue trends 16
8. Conclusion 25
9. Annex 27
1. AUSTRIA 33
2. BELGIUM 40
3. BURKINA FASO 47
4. CANADA 49
5. CROATIA 54
6. CZECH REPUBLIC 59
7. DENMARK 63
8. ESTONIA 67
9. FINLAND 71
10. FRANCE 77
11. GERMANY 84
12. GREECE 88
13. HUNGARY 93
14. ITALY 100
15. JAPAN 106
16. LATVIA 112
17. LITHUANIA 115
18. NETHERLANDS 121
19. NORWAY 126
20. PARAGUAY 128
21. POLAND 131
22. PORTUGAL 136
23. ROMANIA 140
24. RUSSIA 144
25. SLOVAK REPUBLIC 147
26. SLOVENIA 150
27. SPAIN 153
28. SWEDEN 155
29. SWITZERLAND 159
30. TURKEY 165
31. UKRAINE 167
32. UNITED STATES 169
Table 1. Tariff-setting models 11
Table 2. Overview of countries that apply a percentage as tariff 12
Table 3. Fixed tariff for eight standardized media types and devices in 14 countries 12
Table 4. Exports 13
Table 5. Social and Cultural deductions 16
Table 6. Total revenues 17
Table 7. Revenue growth/decline 18
Table 8. Table 8. Total revenues per capita in participating countries 20
Figure 1. Total revenues for all countries in dataset, total excl. incompletes and total EU 19
Figure 2. Levy revenues per capita in 2014 21
Figure 3. Levy revenues v Gross National Income (PPP), per capita in 2014 € 22
Figure 4. Levy revenues per capita per €1 million GNI in 2014 22
Figure 5. Levy revenues per capita in 2014 € v Internet users per 100 inhabitants 23
Figure 6. Levy revenues per capita in 2014 v total charges for IP per capita in 2013 24
Figure 7. Levy revenues per capita in 2014 v household expenditure on audio-visual, photographic and information-processing equipment per capita in 2012 25