Title page
Contents
Summary 5
01. Introduction 6
02. The relationship between CT measures and IHL 8
2.1. When does IHL apply to 'terrorist' violence? 8
2.2. The rules of IHL on humanitarian relief and medical assistance 9
2.2.1. Rules regulating humanitarian relief operations 9
2.2.2. Rules on medical assistance 10
2.3. The relationship between CT measures, country-specific sanctions and IHL 11
03. Tensions between CT measures, sanctions and humanitarian action 13
3.1. Criminal measures 14
3.1.1. The 1999 Terrorist Financing Convention 15
3.1.2. Security Council resolutions 16
3.1.3. Domestic implementation of international criminal CT measures 21
3.2. Sanctions 29
3.2.1. CT sanctions 31
3.2.2. Country-specific sanctions 33
3.2.3. Reflections and recommendations 35
3.2.4. Interpreting the designation of entities that exercise governance functions 44
04. Funding agreements - some current challenges 47
4.1. Asking the impossible? 48
4.2. Screening of final beneficiaries of humanitarian programmes 49
4.2.1. The nature of the obligation 49
4.2.2. 'Screening' and 'vetting' 50
4.2.3. Problems with screening of final beneficiaries 50
4.2.4. The state of play 52
4.3. False Claims Act litigation in the US 54
4.4. Recommendations 55
05. Engagement with designated persons and groups 56
5.1. Legal restrictions 57
5.1.1. International measures 57
5.1.2. Domestic measures 57
5.2. Humanitarian organizations' policies 59
5.3. The position of state representatives 59
5.4. Recommendations 61
06. Conclusions 62
Annex 65
About the author 69
Acknowledgments 69