FiguresTablesContributorsPrefaceAcknowledgementsNote on transliterationAbbreviations1 Pressured by the decreased price of oil: Post-2014 adjustment policies in the Arab Gulf and beyond2 Upgrading towards neoclassical rentier governance: Bahrain's post-2014 oil price decline adjustment3 Stalled reform: The resilience of rentierism in Kuwait4 Oil price collapse and the political economy of the post-2014 economic adjustment in the Sultanate of Oman5 Qatar: Leadership transition, regional crisis, and the imperatives for reform6 The nexus between state-led economic reform programmes, security, and reputation damage in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia7 Federal benefits: How federalism encourages economic diversification in the United Arab Emirates8 Egypt's twisted hydrocarbon dependency: A case of persistent semi-rentierism9 Oil and turmoil: Jordan's adjustment challenges amid local and regional change10 Lower oil prices since 2014: Good news or bad news for the Lebanese economy?11 Oil and the political economy in the Middle East: Overcoming rentierism?Index