ForewordAcknowledgementsAcronyms, abbreviations and units of measureExecutive summary1 Economic resilience during crisis: Opportunities and challenges from COVID-19IntroductionWhat made the difference? A summary of factors affecting resilience during COVID-19Policy recommendationsLooking forwardReferencesNotes2 Context of the crisisIntroductionContainment measures in response to COVID-19Support measures in response to containment responsesEconomic consequencesReferencesNotes3 Resilience across industriesIntroductionAbility to produce and supply in the short runIndirect demand implicationsLiquidity and credit constraintsConclusions and policy implicationsReferencesNotes4 Business dynamics and financial vulnerabilitiesIntroductionInitial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on firm entry and bankruptciesBusiness dynamicsCorporate financial vulnerabilityConclusions and policy implicationsReferencesNotes5 Supporting productivity through digital technologiesIntroductionAdoption of teleworkE-commerce and the pre-existing use of digital toolsProductivity during COVID-19 and beyondConclusions and policy implicationsReferencesNotes6 Industrial and international connectednessIntroductionGlobal value chain exposure and centralityIndustry composition and the structure of demandAirtransportTourismConclusions and policy implicationsReferencesNotes7 Inclusiveness across gender and skill groupsIntroductionGender differences in exposure to employment effectsSkills and education differences in exposure to employment effectsConclusion and policy implicationsReferencesNotesAnnex A Industry dashboardEssential industriesNon-essential, high telework potentialNon-essential, low telework potentialReferencesNotesAnnex B Industry composition by countryReferenceAnnex C Industry classificationAnnex D Examples of government support measuresPre-existing government schemes to support workersPolicies enacted to support firmsReferencesNotes